Retrieval mode distinguishes the testing effect from the generation effect
Retrieval mode distinguishes the testing effect from the generation effect
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2009.11.010
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Zaromb, Franklin M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karpicke, Jeffrey D.;Zaromb, Franklin M.
一系列的四个实验考察了产生与提取的做法对后续保留的影响。受试者首先接触一系列目标词。然后，受试者再次完整地展示了目标，或者向他们展示了目标的片段。在生成条件下的受试者被告知要用脑海中出现的第一个单词来完成片段，而在回忆条件下的受试者被告知要使用片段作为检索线索来回忆实验第一部分中出现的单词。在指令操纵的检索模式中，召回条件涉及有意检索，而生成条件涉及附带检索。在随后的自由回忆或再认测试中，初始回忆比初始生成产生更好的保留。生成和检索的做法破坏了保留的顺序信息，但检索增强保留项目特定的信息在更大程度上比生成。测试效应和生成效应是有区别的，这种区别源于检索方式。有意提取比在附带提取指令下产生目标产生更大的后续保留。(C)2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A series of four experiments examined the effects of generation vs. retrieval practice on subsequent retention. Subjects were first exposed to a list of target words. Then the subjects were shown the targets again intact for Read trials or they were shown fragments of the targets. Subjects in Generate conditions were told to complete the fragments with the first word that came to mind while subjects in Recall conditions were told to use the fragments as retrieval cues to recall words that occurred in the first part of the experiment. The instruction manipulated retrieval mode the Recall condition involved intentional retrieval while the Generate condition involved incidental retrieval. On a subsequent test of free recall or recognition, initial recall produced better retention than initial generation. Both generation and retrieval practice disrupted retention of order information, but retrieval enhanced retention of item-specific information to a greater extent than generation. There is a distinction between the testing effect and the generation effect and the distinction originates from retrieval mode. Intentional retrieval produces greater subsequent retention than generating targets under incidental retrieval instructions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.