Myxobacteria, Polarity, and Multicellular Morphogenesis
Myxobacteria, Polarity, and Multicellular Morphogenesis
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a000380
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Kroos, Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiser, Dale;Robinson, Mark;Kroos, Lee
粘杆菌以在子实体内产生孢子的能力而闻名，子实体的形状是物种特有的。建立这些多细胞结构的能力来自于M. xanthus组织高细胞密度群体的能力，在这种群体中，细胞往往在不断运动的同时彼此排列整齐。杆状电池的固有极性奠定了基础，每个电池使用两个极性引擎在表面上滑行。它从前极萌发可收缩的IV型菌毛，并从后极通过喷嘴分泌荚膜多糖。研究发现，有规律地周期性地改变滑翔方向是蜂群活动的必要条件。这些逆转是由一个由调谐振荡器驱动的g蛋白开关产生的。饥饿诱导子实体发育，并且系统地减少反转频率对于细胞聚集而不是继续群集是必要的。发育性基因表达受一个与抑制逆转相关的网络调控。
Myxobacteria are renowned for the ability to sporulate within fruiting bodies whose shapes are species-specific. The capacity to build those multicellular structures arises from the ability of M. xanthus to organize high cell-density swarms, in which the cells tend to be aligned with each other while constantly in motion. The intrinsic polarity of rod-shaped cells lays the foundation, and each cell uses two polar engines for gliding on surfaces. It sprouts retractile type IV pili from the leading cell pole and secretes capsular polysaccharide through nozzles from the trailing pole. Regularly periodic reversal of the gliding direction was found to be required for swarming. Those reversals are generated by a G-protein switch which is driven by a sharply tuned oscillator. Starvation induces fruiting body development, and systematic reductions in the reversal frequency are necessary for the cells to aggregate rather than continue to swarm. Developmental gene expression is regulated by a network that is connected to the suppression of reversals.