zkBridge: Trustless Cross-chain Bridges Made Practical
zkBridge: Trustless Cross-chain Bridges Made Practical
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DOI：
10.1145/3548606.3560652
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发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tiancheng Xie;Jiaheng Zhang;Zerui Cheng;Fan Zhang;Yupeng Zhang;Yongzheng Jia;D. Boneh;D. Song
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文献类型：
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作者：
Tiancheng Xie;Jiaheng Zhang;Zerui Cheng;Fan Zhang;Yupeng Zhang;Yongzheng Jia;D. Boneh;D. Song
区块链的吸引力越来越大，加密货币的市值超过1万亿美元，主要机构投资者的兴趣，以及对政府，企业和个人的全球影响。同样显著增长的是生态系统的异质性，其中各种区块链共存。跨链桥是这个多链生态系统中必不可少的构建块。然而，现有的解决方案，要么遭受性能问题，或依赖于诚实的假设委员会，显着降低安全性。针对桥梁的反复攻击使用户损失超过15亿美元。在本文中，我们介绍了zkBridge，这是一种高效的跨链桥，可以保证强大的安全性，而无需额外的信任假设。通过简洁的证明，zkBridge不仅保证了正确性，还大大降低了链上验证成本。我们提出了新的简洁的证明协议，比zkBridge中现有的工作负载解决方案快几个数量级。通过模块化设计，zkBridge实现了一些有用的功能，包括消息传递，令牌传输和其他对来自不同链的状态更改进行操作的计算逻辑。我们在Cosmos和以太坊之间完全实现了zkBridge，并评估了端到端性能。实验表明，zkBridge达到了实用性能：它可以在2分钟内生成一个区块头证明，而在链上验证证明的成本低于220K gas（与Groth16相同）。将交易从Cosmos中继到Ethereum需要花费21万天然气。
Blockchains have seen growing traction with cryptocurrencies reaching a market cap of over 1 trillion dollars, major institution investors taking interests, and global impacts on governments, businesses, and individuals. Also growing significantly is the heterogeneity of the ecosystem where a variety of blockchains co-exist. Cross-chain bridge is a necessary building block in this multi-chain ecosystem. Existing solutions, however, either suffer from performance issues or rely on honesty assumptions of committees that significantly lower the security. Recurring attacks against bridges have cost users more than 1.5 billion USD. In this paper, we introduce zkBridge, an efficient cross-chain bridge that guarantees strong security without extra trust assumptions. With succinct proofs, zkBridge not only guarantees correctness, but also significantly reduces on-chain verification cost. We propose novel succinct proof protocols that are orders-of-magnitude faster than existing solutions for workload in zkBridge. With a modular design, zkBridge enables a few useful capabilities, including message passing, token transferring, and other computational logic operating on state changes from different chains. We fully implemented zkBridge between Cosmos and Ethereum and evaluated the end-to-end performance. The experiment shows that zkBridge achieves practical performance: it can generate a block header proof within 2 minutes, while verifying proofs on-chain costs less than 220K gas (the same as Groth16). Relaying a transaction from Cosmos to Ethereum costs 210K gas.