Activity levels as a dimension of temperament in toddlers: its relevance for the organismic specificity hypothesis.
Activity levels as a dimension of temperament in toddlers: its relevance for the organismic specificity hypothesis.
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活动水平作为幼儿气质的一个维度：其与有机体特异性假设的相关性。
作者：
M. Gandour
本研究的目的是对早期关于活动水平作为环境和发展之间的可能中介的假说进行后续研究。理论上特别感兴趣的是有机体特异性假说，该假说认为早期经历对发育的影响是不同的，因为环境的影响是通过有机体中的个体差异来调节的。受试者是52名15个月大的幼儿，他们在四周的时间里在家中被观察了6次。在其中4次访问中，对看门人注意力集中行为的测量被汇总。还获得了儿童家庭环境和探索能力的测量结果。方差分析表明，在预测探索能力和总探索方面，活动水平和刺激强度之间存在显著的交互作用。这些发现为有机体特异性假说提供了明确的支持。讨论了结果对临床工作和未来关于活动水平和个体差异的研究的意义。
The objective of the present study was to follow up on hypotheses derived from earlier research on activity level as a possible mediator between environment and development. Of particular theoretical interest was the organismic specificity hypothesis, which states that early experiences differentially influence development because the impact of the environment is mediated by individual differences in the organism. Subjects were 52 15-month-old toddlers who were observed in their homes 6 times over a 4-week period. Measures of the caretaker's attention-focusing behaviors were aggregated across 4 of the visits. Measures of the child's home environment and exploratory ability were also obtained. ANOVA analyses indicated a significant interaction between activity level and intensity of stimulation in predicting both exploratory competence and total exploration. The findings provided clear support for the organismic specificity hypothesis. Implications of the results for clinical work and future research on activity level and individual differences are discussed.