Lyme disease and relapsing fever Borrelia elongate through zones of peptidoglycan synthesis that mark division sites of daughter cells
Lyme disease and relapsing fever Borrelia elongate through zones of peptidoglycan synthesis that mark division sites of daughter cells
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1610805113
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发表时间：
2016-08-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Jacobs-Wagner, Christine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jutras, Brandon Lyon;Scott, Molly;Jacobs-Wagner, Christine
引起莱姆病、回归热、钩端螺旋体病和梅毒的病原体属于螺旋体门，这是一种独特的细菌谱系，以其长螺旋形态而闻名。尽管与人类健康相关，但对螺旋体生长的最基本方面知之甚少。在这里，使用定量显微镜跟踪肽聚糖细胞壁合成，我们发现莱姆病螺旋体伯氏疏螺旋体显示出复杂的生长模式。B。burgdorferi从在空间和时间上都受到调节的离散区域延伸。此外，一些肽聚糖掺入发生沿着细胞体，与一个显着的例外，在两极的大区域。新生细胞继承了中细胞肽聚糖合成的高度活跃区，有助于延长大部分细胞周期。伴随着类核分离和细胞收缩的开始，在1/4和3/4细胞位置建立了第二和第三个伸长区，标记了下一代分裂的未来位点。延伸区沿着细胞的定位对细胞长度变化是稳健的，并且在长距离（> 30 μ m）上相对精确，这表明细胞“感知”相对的而不是绝对的细胞长度以建立肽聚糖合成区。在回归热疏螺旋体中也观察到细胞周期期间肽聚糖生长从一个区带到三个区带的转变。然而，这种模式的增长并没有延伸到其他spirochetal属的代表性物种，这表明这种独特的增长模式代表了螺旋门的进化分裂。
Agents that cause Lyme disease, relapsing fever, leptospirosis, and syphilis belong to the phylum Spirochaetae-a unique lineage of bacteria most known for their long, spiral morphology. Despite the relevance to human health, little is known about the most fundamental aspects of spirochete growth. Here, using quantitative microscopy to track peptidoglycan cell-wall synthesis, we found that the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi displays a complex pattern of growth. B. burgdorferi elongates from discrete zones that are both spatially and temporally regulated. In addition, some peptidoglycan incorporation occurs along the cell body, with the notable exception of a large region at the poles. Newborn cells inherit a highly active zone of peptidoglycan synthesis at midcell that contributes to elongation for most of the cell cycle. Concomitant with the initiation of nucleoid separation and cell constriction, second and third zones of elongation are established at the 1/4 and 3/4 cellular positions, marking future sites of division for the subsequent generation. Positioning of elongation zones along the cell is robust to cell length variations and is relatively precise over long distances (> 30 mu m), suggesting that cells "sense" relative, as opposed to absolute, cell length to establish zones of peptidoglycan synthesis. The transition from one to three zones of peptidoglycan growth during the cell cycle is also observed in relapsing fever Borrelia. However, this mode of growth does not extend to representative species from other spirochetal genera, suggesting that this distinctive growth mode represents an evolutionary divide in the spirochete phylum.