Trends in the use of psychotropic medications among adolescents, 1994 to 2001
Trends in the use of psychotropic medications among adolescents, 1994 to 2001
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ps.57.1.63
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Goodman, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas, CP;Conrad, P;Goodman, E
目的：很少有精神药物被批准用于18岁以下的儿童。然而之前的研究表明，学龄儿童和青少年使用精神药物的情况有所增加。大多数以前的研究只检查了1997年以前的数据;因此，结果早于联邦政策和新上市药物的变化的任何影响。这项研究调查了1994年至2001年美国14至18岁青少年在办公室护理中精神药物处方的趋势。研究方法：从全国门诊医疗服务调查（NAMCS）的数据被用来确定访问率和处方模式，从1994年至2001年的精神药物，在办公室为基础的治疗设置，以14至18岁的青少年。计算了两年期间导致精神药物处方的就诊率。按药物类型、性别和处方医生的专业进行分析。结果：导致精神药物处方的就诊率从1994 - 1995年的3.4%上升到2000 - 2001年的8.3%。这些趋势在男性和女性中都很明显。1999年以后，精神药物处方的年均增长率要高得多。各毒品类别的趋势也很明显。到2001年，每10名青少年男性中就有一人会开精神药物处方。结论：1994年至2001年，青少年精神药物处方的年均增长率有所上升，1999年后加速尤为迅速。这一增长可能与诊断和治疗阈值的变化、新药的可用性以及制药行业有关药物推广的联邦监管政策的变化有关。
Objectives: Few psychotropic medications are approved for use among children younger than 18 years. Yet previous studies have shown an increase in the use of psychotropic medications among school-age children and adolescents. Most previous studies examined data only up to 1997; therefore, the results predate any impact of changing federal policies and newly marketed medications. This study examined trends in the prescription of psychotropic medications to adolescents aged 14 to 18 years in office-based care in the United States from 1994 to 2001. Methods: Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) were used to determine visit rates and prescribing patterns from 1994 to 2001 for psychotropics that were prescribed in office-based treatment settings to adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. Rates of visits that resulted in a prescription for psychotropic medication were calculated for two-year periods. Analyses were conducted by type of medication, gender, and the prescribing physician's specialty. Results: Rates of visits that resulted in a psychotropic prescription increased from 3.4 percent in 1994 - 1995 to 8.3 percent in 2000 - 2001. These trends were evident for males and females. The average annual growth rates for psychotropic prescriptions were much higher after 1999. Trends were also significant across drug classes. By 2001, one out of ten office visits by adolescent males resulted in a prescription for a psychotropic medication. Conclusions: Average annual growth rates for the prescription of psychotropics to adolescents increased from 1994 to 2001, with especially rapid acceleration after 1999. This increase may be associated with changing thresholds of diagnosis and treatment, availability of new medications, and changes in federal regulatory policies concerning promotion of medications by the pharmaceutical industry.