On the Holocene Water Balance in Central Europe and Several Historical Consequences
On the Holocene Water Balance in Central Europe and Several Historical Consequences
复制标题
中欧全新世水平衡及其若干历史后果
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Jäger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Jäger
几千年来，气候条件一直影响着人类居住和活动的模式。结合考古和古气候研究的信息，这些模式可以重建。极端事件的性质和频率在影响人类历史上具有特殊的意义，而供水在其中起着至关重要的作用。在中欧，淡水沉积物和埋藏土层交替的沉积序列证明了水的可用性的变化。考古文物在埋藏的土壤中很常见，可以用来确定年龄。在大范围内，土壤形成和湖泊扩张相互关联，强调气候起源。在干旱时期，定居点向湖边和更高的海拔移动，更靠近水源。人类对中欧干旱周期反应的突出记录体现在所谓的“Burgenhorizonte”（堡垒地平线）中，它代表了建造防御工事以抵御来自干旱地区的零星移民的时代，例如在青铜器时代。在区域性青铜器时代末期，气候变得更加大陆化，对人类定居、文化和历史产生了重大影响。
Climatic conditions have influenced the patterns of human settlement and activities for many millennia. Combining information from archeological and paleoclimatic studies, these patterns can be reconstructed. The nature and frequency of extreme events is of special significance in affecting human history, and water supply plays a crucial role. In Central Europe, sedimentary sequences with alternating fresh-water deposits and buried soil horizons testify to change in availability of water. Archeologic objects are quite common within the buried soils and can be used for age assignment. Soil formation and lake expansion correlate over large areas, emphasizing the climatic origin. During times of drought, settlements moved closer to water sources with shifts both toward lake shores and to higher altitudes. A prominent record of human response to drought cycles in central Europe is represented in the so-called “Burgenhorizonte” (fort horizons) representing times of construction of fortifications against sporadic immigration from drought-stricken regions, e.g. during the Bronze Age. At the end of the regional Bronze Age the climate became more continental with significant consequences for human settlement, culture, and history.