Astrocyte Aquaporin Dynamics in Health and Disease.
Astrocyte Aquaporin Dynamics in Health and Disease.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms17071121
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发表时间：
2016-07-13
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zorec R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Potokar M;Jorgačevski J;Zorec R
水通道蛋白 (AQP) 家族（膜水通道）由多种类型的蛋白质组成，这些蛋白质主要可渗透水；有些还可以渗透小溶质，例如甘油和尿素。它们已在从微生物到脊椎动物和植物的多种生物体中得到鉴定，并在各种组织中表达。在这里，我们重点关注星形胶质细胞中的 AQP 类型及其亚型，星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的主要胶质细胞类型。星形胶质细胞与微脉管系统、软脑膜和神经元有解剖学接触。在星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中发挥的众多作用中，它们是维持水稳态的关键。这种调节所涉及的过程已被深入研究，特别是星形胶质细胞中不同 AQP 类型的通透性和表达模式的调节。星形胶质细胞中已描述了三种水通道蛋白类型：水通道蛋白 AQP1 和 AQP4 以及水甘油通道蛋白 AQP9。这里的目的是回顾它们的亚型、亚细胞定位、通透性调节和中枢神经系统中的表达模式。在人类CNS中，AQP4在正常生理和病理状态下表达，而AQP1和AQP9的星形细胞表达主要与病理状态相关。
The family of aquaporins (AQPs), membrane water channels, consists of diverse types of proteins that are mainly permeable to water; some are also permeable to small solutes, such as glycerol and urea. They have been identified in a wide range of organisms, from microbes to vertebrates and plants, and are expressed in various tissues. Here, we focus on AQP types and their isoforms in astrocytes, a major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes have anatomical contact with the microvasculature, pia, and neurons. Of the many roles that astrocytes have in the CNS, they are key in maintaining water homeostasis. The processes involved in this regulation have been investigated intensively, in particular regulation of the permeability and expression patterns of different AQP types in astrocytes. Three aquaporin types have been described in astrocytes: aquaporins AQP1 and AQP4 and aquaglyceroporin AQP9. The aim here is to review their isoforms, subcellular localization, permeability regulation, and expression patterns in the CNS. In the human CNS, AQP4 is expressed in normal physiological and pathological conditions, but astrocytic expression of AQP1 and AQP9 is mainly associated with a pathological state.