OPTICAL-TO-TACTILE IMAGE CONVERSION FOR BLIND
OPTICAL-TO-TACTILE IMAGE CONVERSION FOR BLIND
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DOI：
10.1109/tmms.1970.299963
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
SHEPARD, RP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BLISS, JC;KATCHER, MH;SHEPARD, RP
本文介绍了两个光学触觉图像转换系统正在开发的盲人。第一种是阅读辅助，其中印刷页面上大约字母间距大小的区域被转换为相应的振动触觉图像。触觉图像是由压电双晶片驱动的24 × 6针阵列产生的。144个针的阵列安装在一个手指的远端和中间指骨的一部分上。压电双晶片导致销以非线性方式冲击皮肤。给出了双压电晶片指形系统的精确测量结果。这些测量结果还表明，可以通过顺序改变阈值水平来显示“灰色”阴影。三个实验进行的阅读援助涉及测量易读性，阅读率，和视野的影响。在设计放大倍率下获得92- 98%范围内的易读性。经过大约160小时的练习，一名受试者的阅读速度达到了每分钟50个单词。另外三名受试者在大约40小时的练习后达到了每分钟超过10个单词的阅读速度。当阵列中的列数从1到6变化时，阅读率显著增加。第二光学-触觉图像转换系统仅仅是第一光学-触觉图像转换系统的扩展，以允许从环境获取信息。实际上，最终将仅使用具有两组光学器件的一个系统，一组适于打印页面，一组适于环境感测。
This paper describes two optical-to-tactile imageconversion systems being developed for the blind. The first is a reading aid in which an area on the printed page about the size of a letterspace is translated into a corresponding vibratory tactile image. The tactile image is produced by a 24-by-6 array of pins driven by piezoelectric bimorphs. The array of 144 pins fits on the distal and a portion of the middle phalanges of one finger. The piezoelectric bimorphs cause the pins to impact the skin in a nonlinear manner. Precise measurements on this bimorph-finger system are given. These measurements also show that shades of "grey" can be displayed by sequentially varying the threshold level. Three experiments conducted with the reading aid involved measurement of legibility, reading rate, and the effect of field of view. Legibility in the 92-98 percent range was obtained at the design magnification. A reading rate of 50 words per minute was achieved with one subject after roughly 160 hours of practice. Three other subjects achieved reading rates of over 10 words per minute after about 40 hours of practice. Reading rate increased markedly as the number of columns in the array was varied from one to six. The second optical-to-tactile image-conversion system is merely an extension of the first to permit information to be acquired from the environment. In fact, ultimately only one system with two sets of optics, one appropriate for the printed page and one appropriate for environment sensing, would be used.