Ethnic Density and Maternal and Infant Health Inequalities: Bangladeshi Immigrant Women in New York City in the 1990s
Ethnic Density and Maternal and Infant Health Inequalities: Bangladeshi Immigrant Women in New York City in the 1990s
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DOI：
10.1080/00045608.2012.674901
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grady, Sue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McLafferty, Sara;Widener, Michael;Grady, Sue
东道国居住环境的社会和物质特征如何影响移民母婴健康？我们研究这个问题，通过透镜的种族密度假说，假设有利的影响，移民的健康生活在高民族密度的地区，也就是说，在社会和语言相似的人口。我们分析了婴儿低出生体重和种族密度之间的关联，孟加拉移民母亲在纽约市在一个快速和持续的移民时期（1990-2000年）。对于孟加拉国移民妇女来说，族裔社区可以在怀孕期间提供重要的社会和物质支持。地理信息系统和空间分析方法被用来创建一个种族密度的细粒度指标。结果表明，种族密度和婴儿低出生体重之间的关系随着时间的推移而变化。早年（1990年和1993年）缺乏联系可能反映了孟加拉国人口尚未达到足够的规模或空间聚集的定居模式，以提供密集的种族社区和社会和物质资源的集中。在2000年，我们观察到低出生体重和密度之间的U形关联：生活在种族隔离环境中的妇女和生活在高密度飞地的妇女更容易受到不利的婴儿健康结果的影响。研究结果表明，需要更细致入微地了解移民的孕产妇和婴儿的健康和种族密度，结合移民的经验和他们的协会与变化的空间和社会定义的居住环境的动态。
How do the social and material characteristics of residential contexts in the host country affect immigrant maternal and infant health? We examine this question through the lens of the ethnic density hypothesis, a hypothesis that posits beneficial effects on immigrant health of living in areas of high ethnic density; that is, among a socially and linguistically similar population. We analyze the association between infant low birth weight and ethnic density for Bangladeshi immigrant mothers in New York City during a period of rapid and sustained immigration (1990-2000). For Bangladeshi immigrant women, ethnic neighborhoods can provide an important source of social and material support during pregnancy. Geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis methods are used to create a fine-grained indicator of ethnic density. Results show that the relationship between ethnic density and infant low birth weight changed over time. The lack of association in the early years (1990 and 1993) might reflect the fact that the Bangladeshi population had not yet reached a sufficient size, or spatially clustered settlement pattern, to provide dense ethnic neighborhoods and concentrations of social and material resources. In 2000, we observe a U-shaped association between low birth weight and density: Women living in ethnically isolated settings and those living in high-density enclaves are more vulnerable to adverse infant health outcomes. The results suggest the need for a more nuanced understanding of immigrant maternal and infant health and ethnic density that incorporates the dynamism of immigrant experiences and their associations with shifting spatially and socially defined residential environments.