The toughness of epoxy polymers and fibre composites modified with rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles
The toughness of epoxy polymers and fibre composites modified with rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles
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DOI：
10.1007/s10853-009-4064-9
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Sprenger, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hsieh, T. H.;Kinloch, A. J.;Sprenger, S.
本论文研究了将二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入到环氧树脂固化体中以及用作碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强复合材料的基体时的效果。同时含有二氧化硅纳米粒子和羧基封端的丁二烯-丙烯腈（CTBN）橡胶微粒的“混合”环氧聚合物的形成也进行了讨论。的结构/性能的关系被认为是，重点是韧性和增韧机制。通过20wt%的二氧化硅纳米颗粒的存在，本体环氧聚合物的断裂能从77增加到212 J/m（2）。观察到的增韧机制，是有效的（a）塑性剪切屈服带，和（B）从二氧化硅纳米粒子的基体的脱粘，然后由塑性空隙增长的环氧树脂。观察到的韧性增加最大的是“混合”材料。在这里，对于分别含有9重量%和15重量%的橡胶微粒和二氧化硅纳米颗粒的“混合”环氧聚合物，测量到965 J/m（2）的最大断裂能。最值得注意的是，发现本体聚合物的韧性的这些增加被转移到纤维复合材料。事实上，纤维复合材料的层间断裂能通过纤维桥接增韧机制进一步增加。本工作还扩展了现有的模型来预测纳米粒子在热固性聚合物中的增韧效果。对于含有二氧化硅纳米颗粒的环氧树脂和含有微米级玻璃颗粒的环氧聚合物，预测和实验数据之间有很好的一致性。后者，相对较大，玻璃颗粒进行了研究，以确定是否有“纳米效应”，相对于增加环氧树脂本体聚合物的韧性，确实存在。
The present paper investigates the effect of adding silica nanoparticles to an anhydride-cured epoxy polymer in bulk and when used as the matrix of carbon- and glass-fibre reinforced composites. The formation of 'hybrid' epoxy polymers, containing both silica nanoparticles and carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber microparticles, is also discussed. The structure/property relationships are considered, with an emphasis on the toughness and the toughening mechanisms. The fracture energy of the bulk epoxy polymer was increased from 77 to 212 J/m(2) by the presence of 20 wt% of silica nanoparticles. The observed toughening mechanisms that were operative were (a) plastic shear-yield bands, and (b) debonding of the matrix from the silica nanoparticles, followed by plastic void-growth of the epoxy. The largest increases in toughness observed were for the 'hybrid' materials. Here a maximum fracture energy of 965 J/m(2) was measured for a 'hybrid' epoxy polymer containing 9 wt% and 15 wt% of the rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles, respectively. Most noteworthy was the observation that these increases in the toughness of the bulk polymers were found to be transferred to the fibre composites. Indeed, the interlaminar fracture energies for the fibre-composite materials were increased even further by a fibre-bridging toughening mechanism. The present work also extends an existing model to predict the toughening effect of the nanoparticles in a thermoset polymer. There was excellent agreement between the predictions and the experimental data for the epoxy containing the silica nanoparticles, and for epoxy polymers containing micrometre-sized glass particles. The latter, relatively large, glass particles were investigated to establish whether a 'nano-effect', with respect to increasing the toughness of the epoxy bulk polymers, did indeed exist.