Application of three fault growth criteria to the Puente Hills thrust system, Los Angeles, California, USA
Application of three fault growth criteria to the Puente Hills thrust system, Los Angeles, California, USA
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三个断层生长准则在美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶普恩特山逆冲系统中的应用
DOI：
10.1016/j.jsg.2005.02.005
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
M. Cooke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erik L. Olson;M. Cooke
三维力学模型被用来评估不同的断层生长标准的性能，在预测连续增长的三个梯形逆冲断层类似的部分的普恩特山逆冲系统的洛杉矶盆地，加州。四个连续的边界元法模型探讨了系统内连续的梯形断层的增长，通过模拟不同发展阶段的变形快照。这些模型使用三个标准，（1）能量释放率，（2）应变能密度，（3）Navier-Coulomb应力，来表征断层系统的横向生长。我们模拟了梯形逆冲断层系统的增长，以评估这些标准的适用性，以评估故障的增长。这三个因素中的每一个都预测了早期断层几何形状的一部分（即位置或方向）;然而，每一个都提供了不同的信息。在每个模型中，能量释放率沿着的最西端（领先）的普恩特山逆冲断层的增长下降与下一个相邻的故障，这一结果支持整体的横向发展连续梯形段。在每个模型中，高应变能密度和Navier-Coulomb应力的区域至少包围了下一个断层的一部分，尽管应变能密度比Navier-Coulomb应力与初始断层的位置具有更强的相关性。在每个模型中，两个预测的最大Navier-Coulomb应力领先的断层尖端前面的平面之一匹配的走向，但不初始断层平面重建断层方向的一部分的倾角。早期故障倾向是最好的预测由周围的领先故障尖端的应变能密度包络线的方向。此外，能量释放率和应变能密度的模式可以用来表征系统内的楔状断层的潜在的软链接（重叠）或硬链接（连接）。
Three-dimensional mechanical models are used to evaluate the performance of different fault growth criteria in predicting successive growth of three échelon thrust faults similar to the segments of the Puente Hills thrust system of the Los Angeles basin, California. Four sequential Boundary Element Method models explore the growth of successive échelon faults within the system by simulating snapshots of deformation at different stages of development. These models use three criteria, (1) energy release rate, (2) strain energy density, and (3) Navier–Coulomb stress, to characterize the lateral growth of the fault system. We simulate the growth of an échelon thrust fault system to evaluate the suitability of each of these criteria for assessing fault growth. Each of these three factors predicts a portion of the incipient fault geometry (i.e. location or orientation); however, each provides different information. In each model, energy release rate along the westernmost (leading) tip of the Puente Hills thrust drops with growth of the next neighboring fault; this result supports the overall lateral development of successive échelon segments. Within each model, regions of high strain energy density and Navier–Coulomb stress envelope at least a portion of the next fault to develop, although the strain energy density has stronger correlation than Navier–Coulomb stress to the location of incipient faulting. In each model, one of the two predicted planes of maximum Navier–Coulomb stress ahead of the leading fault tip matches the strike but not the dip of the incipient fault plane recreating part of the fault orientation. The incipient fault dip is best predicted by the orientation of the strain energy density envelopes around the leading fault tip. Furthermore, the energy release rate and pattern of strain energy density can be used to characterize potential soft linkage (overlap) or hard linkage (connection) of échelon faults within the system.