Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations
Elemental composition and reflectance of ambient fine particles at 21 European locations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.049
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Künzli, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Götschi, T;Hazenkamp-Von Arxb, ME;Künzli, N
我们在欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查 (ECRHS) 的 20 个城市的 21 个中心城市监测点进行了 1 年的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 采样。然后使用能量色散 X 射线荧光光谱法和反射率（光吸收）分析颗粒过滤器的元素成分。元素分析得出了 15 种元素（Al、As、Br、Ca、Cl、Cu、Fe、K、Mn、Pb、S、Si、Ti、V、Zn）的有效结果。PM2.5、反射率和元素的年度和季节性平均值在整个欧洲范围内变化很大，其中冰岛的含量最低，而意大利北部的浓度高达 80 倍。这种模式适用于大多数空气污染指标。 S 的质量浓度确实构成了所有地点 PM2.5 分析元素的最大部分。这些城市的地壳成分从不到 10% 到 25% 不等。每日价值的时间相关性因城市而异，具体取决于所比较的指标。然而，人为来源的 PM2.5 指标（例如硫、金属和反射率）之间的长期暴露估计值（例如年度平均值）之间的相关性通常很高。这凸显了在未来使用年平均值进行健康影响分析时很难理清特定来源或 PM 成分的影响。 (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
We sampled fine particles (PM2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance (light absorption). Elemental analyses yielded valid results for 15 elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, Zn).Annual and seasonal means Of PM2.5, reflectance, and elements show a wide range across Europe with the lowest levels found in Iceland and up to 80 times higher concentrations in Northern Italy. This pattern holds for most of the air pollution indicators. The mass concentration of S did constitute the largest fraction of the analysed elements Of PM2.5 in all locations. The crustal component varies from less than 10% up to 25% across these cities. Temporal correlations of daily values vary considerably from city to city, depending on the indicators compared. Nevertheless, correlations between estimates of long-term exposure, such as annual means, are generally high among indicators Of PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources, such as S, metals, and reflectance. This highlights the difficulty to disentangle effects of specific sources or PM constituents in future health effect analyses using annual averages. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.