Traumatized and inflamed--but resilient: glial aromatization and the avian brain.
Traumatized and inflamed--but resilient: glial aromatization and the avian brain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.026
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发表时间：
2013-03
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Saldanha, Colin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duncan, Kelli A.;Walters, Bradley J.;Saldanha, Colin J.
类固醇，如雌激素，对脊椎动物的大脑有很强的影响，并从外周和中枢来源提供给神经靶点。脊椎动物中枢神经系统内合成的雌二醇调节神经结构和功能，包括参与神经保护的途径，可能还包括神经修复。具体地说，芳香酶；负责将睾酮转化为雌二醇的酶，在鸟类和哺乳动物的大脑中上调，因为神经纤维受到多种形式的扰动，包括机械损伤、缺血和兴奋性毒性。这种损伤诱导的芳香酶表达在某种程度上是独特的，因为它发生在星形胶质细胞而不是神经元中，并受到与脑损伤相关的因素的刺激。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了鸣禽脑内胶质芳构化的诱导、表达及其后果。我们首先回顾了神经胶质雌激素供应的解剖学后果，然后讨论了神经胶质芳构化可能影响损伤诱导的神经可塑性的细胞机制。然后，我们介绍了我们对炎症过程在星形细胞芳香酶转录和翻译中的诱导作用的理解现状。在总结尚未回答的问题和对未来研究的建议之前，我们考虑了胶质芳构化的功能方面。长期以来，鸟类向我们提供了内分泌学、免疫学和神经可塑性方面的基本问题；它们独特的解剖学和生理学特征继续为我们提供了一个了解大脑创伤、炎症和神经保护的极好系统。
Steroids like estrogens have potent effects on the vertebrate brain, and are provided to neural targets from peripheral and central sources. Estradiol synthesized within the vertebrate CNS modulates neural structure and function, including the pathways involved in neuroprotection, and perhaps, neural repair. Specifically, aromatase; the enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol, is upregulated in the avian and mammalian brain following disruption of the neuropil by multiple forms of perturbation including mechanical injury, ischemia and excitotoxicity. This injury induced aromatase expression is somewhat unique in that it occurs in astroglia rather than neurons, and is stimulated in response to factors associated with brain damage. In this review, we focus on the induction, expression and consequences of glial aromatization in the songbird brain. We begin with a review of the anatomical consequences of glial estrogen provision followed by a discussion of the cellular mechanisms whereby glial aromatization may affect injury-induced neuroplasticity. We then present the current status of our understanding regarding the inductive role of inflammatory processes in the transcription and translation of astrocytic aromatase. We consider the functional aspects of glial aromatization before concluding with unanswered questions and suggestions for future studies. Birds have long informed us about fundamental questions in endocrinology, immunology, and neuroplasticity; and their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics continue to provide an excellent system in which to learn about brain trauma, inflammation, and neuroprotection.
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影响因子：
6.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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