E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk.
E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-02317-8
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发表时间：
2017-05-17
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Paolini M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Canistro D;Vivarelli F;Cirillo S;Babot Marquillas C;Buschini A;Lazzaretti M;Marchi L;Cardenia V;Rodriguez-Estrada MT;Lodovici M;Cipriani C;Lorenzini A;Croco E;Marchionni S;Franchi P;Lucarini M;Longo V;Della Croce CM;Vornoli A;Colacci A;Vaccari M;Sapone A;Paolini M
电子烟（e-cigs）是一种设计用于在蒸汽溶液中输送尼古丁而不是烟雾并且没有烟草燃烧的设备。电子烟被认为是传统香烟的一种更安全的替代品，由于几乎没有限制和缺乏监管指南，电子烟作为生活方式选择的消费品被积极推销。电子烟也在从不吸烟者和青少年中流行，成为一个紧急的公共卫生问题。尽管电子烟在全球范围内的消费量迅速增长，但其安全性在很大程度上仍未得到证实，而且尚不清楚这些设备是否会导致可能导致癌症的体内毒理学效应。在这里，我们证明了在大鼠肺模型中电子烟蒸汽的协同致突变和致癌作用。我们发现，电子烟对I相致癌物生物活化酶（包括多环芳烃（PAH）的活化剂）具有强大的助推作用，并增加氧自由基的产生和DNA氧化为8-羟基-2 ′-脱氧鸟苷。此外，我们发现电子烟不仅在外周血中的染色体水平上损伤DNA，例如白细胞中的链断裂和网织红细胞中的微核形成，而且在基因水平上损伤DNA，例如尿液中的点突变。我们的研究结果表明，暴露于电子烟可能会危及人类健康，特别是在更年轻、更脆弱的消费者中。
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are devices designed to deliver nicotine in a vaping solution rather than smoke and without tobacco combustion. Perceived as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, e-cigs are aggressively marketed as lifestyle-choice consumables, thanks to few restrictions and a lack of regulatory guidelines. E-cigs have also gained popularity among never-smokers and teenagers, becoming an emergent public health issue. Despite the burgeoning worldwide consumption of e-cigs, their safety remains largely unproven and it is unknown whether these devices cause in vivo toxicological effects that could contribute to cancer. Here we demonstrate the co-mutagenic and cancer-initiating effects of e-cig vapour in a rat lung model. We found that e-cigs have a powerful booster effect on phase-I carcinogen-bioactivating enzymes, including activators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and increase oxygen free radical production and DNA oxidation to 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, we found that e-cigs damage DNA not only at chromosomal level in peripheral blood, such as strand breaks in leucocytes and micronuclei formation in reticulocytes, but also at gene level such as point mutations in urine. Our results demonstrate that exposure to e-cigs could endanger human health, particularly among younger more vulnerable consumers.