Animal models of epilepsy: use and limitations.
Animal models of epilepsy: use and limitations.
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DOI：
10.2147/ndt.s50371
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Leite JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kandratavicius L;Balista PA;Lopes-Aguiar C;Ruggiero RN;Umeoka EH;Garcia-Cairasco N;Bueno-Junior LS;Leite JP
癫痫是一种慢性神经系统疾病，其特征是反复发作，影响着全世界数百万人。在人类临床研究中无法完全理解颞叶癫痫和其他形式癫痫的癫痫发生和癫痫发作产生的复杂机制。因此，使用适当的动物模型至关重要。其中一些模型复制了症状性局灶性癫痫的自然史，最初是致痫性损伤，随后是明显的潜伏期和随后的慢性自发性癫痫发作期。癫痫发作是电和行为事件的结合，能够引起化学、分子和解剖学的改变。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最常用的慢性癫痫模型以及由化学惊厥药、创伤性脑损伤以及电或声音刺激引起的急性癫痫发作模型。还检查了失神癫痫发作的遗传模型以及未成熟大脑中的癫痫发作和癫痫持续状态模型。强调了主要用途和局限性，并考虑了模型与人类等效模型之间的神经病理学、行为和神经生理学相似性和差异。对癫痫发作机制的探索可以深入了解大脑的整体功能和意识，癫痫动物模型将继续推动癫痫和神经生理学研究的进展。
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures that affects millions of people worldwide. Comprehension of the complex mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and seizure generation in temporal lobe epilepsy and other forms of epilepsy cannot be fully acquired in clinical studies with humans. As a result, the use of appropriate animal models is essential. Some of these models replicate the natural history of symptomatic focal epilepsy with an initial epileptogenic insult, which is followed by an apparent latent period and by a subsequent period of chronic spontaneous seizures. Seizures are a combination of electrical and behavioral events that are able to induce chemical, molecular, and anatomic alterations. In this review, we summarize the most frequently used models of chronic epilepsy and models of acute seizures induced by chemoconvulsants, traumatic brain injury, and electrical or sound stimuli. Genetic models of absence seizures and models of seizures and status epilepticus in the immature brain were also examined. Major uses and limitations were highlighted, and neuropathological, behavioral, and neurophysiological similarities and differences between the model and the human equivalent were considered. The quest for seizure mechanisms can provide insights into overall brain functions and consciousness, and animal models of epilepsy will continue to promote the progress of both epilepsy and neurophysiology research.