Critical‐level Sufficientarianism
Critical‐level Sufficientarianism
复制标题
临界水平的自足主义
DOI：
10.1111/jopp.12267
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Kohei Kamaga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walter Bossert ;Susumu Cato;Kohei Kamaga
I.介绍充足主义是一种普遍的分配原则，它将绝对优先权分配给那些低于阈值水平的人，该阈值水平代表了最低可接受的福祉标准。这个话题在最近的文献中受到越来越多的关注。[1]道德主义的概念可以追溯到法兰克福，他写道：“从道德的角度来看，重要的不是每个人都应该拥有同样的东西，而是每个人都应该拥有足够的东西。”[2]这一理论依赖于充足性的某个阈值的存在：如果一个人的幸福高于阈值，那么他或她就被认为是充足的。在这篇文章中，我们采用价值论的方法来确定一类充足性原则。我们的出发点是绝对优先的概念，我们认为这一要求是基本思想的核心。绝对优先的假设是，注意力应集中在那些福利低于阈值的人身上，而那些高于阈值的人的效用只有在阈值以下适用的标准不能起决定性作用时才能起决定性作用。我们的方法的新颖之处在于，我们将联合收割机这一基本的功利主义原则与具有明显功利主义色彩的公理结合起来。这使我们能够发展一种基于功利主义原则的功利主义理论。我们最重要的观察是我们的理论，
I. INTRODUCTION SUFFICIENTARIANISM is a general class of distributional principles that assign absolute priority to those below a threshold level that represents a minimally acceptable standard of well-being. This topic has received an increasing amount of attention in the recent literature. 1 The notion of sufficientarianism can be traced back to Frankfurt who writes that “[w] hat is important from the point of view of morality is not that everyone should have the same but that each should have enough.” 2 This theory relies on the existence of some threshold value of sufficiency: if an individual’s well-being is above the threshold, then he or she is deemed to have enough.In this article, we employ an axiological approach to identify a class of sufficientarian principles. Our starting point is the notion of absolute priority, a requirement that we consider to be at the very core of sufficientarian ideas. Absolute priority postulates that attention is to be focused on those whose wellbeing is below the threshold, and the utilities of those above the threshold only matter as a tie-breaker if the criterion to be applied below the threshold fails to be decisive. The feature that is novel to our approach is that we combine this fundamental sufficientarian principle with axioms that have a distinctly utilitarian flavor. This allows us to develop a sufficientarian theory that is based on utilitarian principles. Our most important observation is that our theory,