Reducing Municipal Waste through Promoting Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) Practices in Surabaya City, Indonesia
Reducing Municipal Waste through Promoting Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) Practices in Surabaya City, Indonesia
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通过在印度尼西亚泗水市推广综合可持续废物管理 (ISWM) 实践来减少城市废物
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Toshizo Maeda
中科院分区：
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作者：
Premakumara Jagath Dickella Gamaralalage;Miwa Abe;Toshizo Maeda
固体废物管理被认为是发展中国家城市地区面临的最严重的环境问题之一。为了顺应全球趋势，许多城市都注重采用基于3R（减少、再利用和再循环）的综合方法，并试图从源头而不是在末端减少废物的产生量。然而，这些努力仍然非常有限，结果不一，对有机材料的监管工作相对较少，而有机材料通常占城市废物产生总量的50%以上。尽管如此，泗水市，印尼第二大城市，拥有300万人口，在过去四年中成功地减少了20%以上的城市废物产生，在家庭，社区管理的废物收集和污染者付费原则中引入废物分类和减少活动，设立堆肥中心，向居民派发数以千计的堆肥篮，以及与当地非政府组织举办社区清洁运动和废物回收活动，以推广堆肥做法，私营部门（正式和非正式）和媒体。泗水的成就证明了一个城市如何通过建立综合可持续废物管理系统（ISWM）在短时间内减少大量废物，该系统寻求体制，社会，环境，政治，技术和财务方面，同时强调让各种利益相关者参与的关键作用，包括废物预防和资源回收，包括与其他城市系统的互动，以及促进和整合从家庭、邻里到城市的不同生境规模。
Solid waste management is considered to be one of the most serious environmental issues confronting urban areas in developing countries. In keeping with global trends, many cities are focused on integrated approach based on the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) and trying to reduce the amount of waste generation at source rather than later at the end-of-pipe. However, these efforts are still very limited with a mix of results and relatively few efforts have been made to regulate organic materials that usually comprise over 50% of the total waste generation in the cities. Despite the fact, Surabaya city, the second largest in Indonesia with a population of three million people has shown to have succeeded in reducing its municipal waste generation by more than 20% over the last four years, introducing waste separation and reduction activities at household, community-managed waste collection and polluter pay principle, promoting composting practice by setting up composting centers and distributing thousands of compost baskets to residents, and organising community cleanup campaigns and waste recycling activities with local NGOs, private sector (formal and informal) and the media. Surabaya’s achievement exemplifies how a city can reduce a large amount of waste in a short period of time spending limited budget by establishing Integrated Sustainable Waste Management System (ISWM), which seeks institutional, social, environmental, political, technical and financial aspects while emphasising the critical role of involving various stakeholders, covering waste prevention and resource recovery, including interactions with other urban systems and promoting and integrating different habitat scales from household, neighbourhood to city.