ISG15-dependent activation of the sensor MDA5 is antagonized by the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease to evade host innate immunity.

ISG15-dependent activation of the sensor MDA5 is antagonized by the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease to evade host innate immunity.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41564-021-00884-1
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发表时间:
2021-04
影响因子:
28.3
通讯作者:
Gack MU
Gack MU
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu G;Lee JH;Parker ZM;Acharya D;Chiang JJ;van Gent M;Riedl W;Davis-Gardner ME;Wies E;Chiang C;Gack MU

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RIG-I样受体RIG-I和MDA5的激活通过上调干扰素(IFN)刺激基因(ISGs)建立抗病毒状态。其中ISG15在先天免疫中的机制作用仍然是一个谜。在这里,我们报道了ISG15结合对于由病毒RNA传感器MDA5介导的抗病毒IFN应答至关重要。MDA5的caspase激活和募集域(CARD)的isg酰化促进其寡聚化,从而触发对一系列病毒(包括冠状病毒、黄病毒和小核糖核酸病毒)的先天免疫激活。MDA5的isg15依赖性激活可通过SARS-CoV-2的木瓜蛋白酶(PLpro)介导的直接去isg酰化而拮抗,SARS-CoV-2是最近出现的导致COVID-19大流行的冠状病毒。我们的工作证明了ISG15在mda5介导的抗病毒反应中发挥了关键作用,并确定了SARS-CoV-2的关键免疫逃避机制,这可能是开发新的抗病毒药物和疫苗来对抗COVID-19的目标。
Activation of the RIG-I-like receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, establishes an antiviral state by upregulating interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). Among these is ISG15 whose mechanistic roles in innate immunity still remain enigmatic. Here we report that ISG15 conjugation is essential for antiviral IFN responses mediated by the viral RNA sensor MDA5. ISGylation of the caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD) of MDA5 promotes its oligomerization and thereby triggers activation of innate immunity against a range of viruses including coronaviruses, flaviviruses and picornaviruses. The ISG15-dependent activation of MDA5 is antagonized through direct de-ISGylation mediated by the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2, a recently emerged coronavirus that causes the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work demonstrates a crucial role for ISG15 in the MDA5-mediated antiviral response, and also identifies a key immune evasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, which may be targeted for the development of new antivirals and vaccines to combat COVID-19.
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