Sexual assault incidents among college undergraduates: Prevalence and factors associated with risk
Sexual assault incidents among college undergraduates: Prevalence and factors associated with risk
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0186471
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发表时间：
2017-11-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hirsch, Jennifer S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mellins, Claude A.;Walsh, Kate;Hirsch, Jennifer S.
大学校园性侵犯是一个公共卫生问题。然而，不同的研究方法（例如，不同的性攻击定义、措施、评估时限）和低答复率阻碍了界定问题范围的努力。为了阐明校园性侵犯的复杂性，我们从哥伦比亚大学和纽约市巴纳德学院的大规模基于人口的随机本科生样本中收集了调查数据，使用基于证据的方法最大化响应率和样本代表性，并使用性侵犯的行为具体措施准确捕获受害率。本文重点介绍学生的经验，不同类型的性侵犯受害，以及社会人口，社会和风险环境的相关性。描述性统计，卡方检验和逻辑回归被用来估计患病率和检验相关性。自大学入学以来，22%的学生报告经历过至少一次性侵犯事件（定义为性接触，试图渗透[口腔，肛门，阴道，其他]或完成渗透）。女性和性别平等研究生报告的性侵犯率最高（分别为28%和38%），尽管男性也报告了性侵犯（12.5%）。在各种类型的攻击和性别群体中，因酗酒和吸毒和/或其他因素而丧失行为能力是报告最多的实施方法（> 50%）;身体暴力（特别是对妇女的完全插入）和口头胁迫也是常见的报告。与性侵犯风险增加相关的因素包括非异性恋身份，难以支付基本必需品，兄弟会/姐妹会成员，参与更随意的性接触（“勾搭”）与排他性/一夫一妻制或没有性关系，酗酒，以及在大学之前经历过性侵犯。据报道，在大学期间，各性别群体的再次受害率都很高。我们的研究与以前报道的患病率结果一致。不同性别群体遭受的攻击类型和犯罪方法各不相同，这突出表明需要制定针对具体风险群体的预防战略。
Sexual assault on college campuses is a public health issue. However varying research methodologies (e.g., different sexual assault definitions, measures, assessment time frames) and low response rates hamper efforts to define the scope of the problem. To illuminate the complexity of campus sexual assault, we collected survey data from a large population -based random sample of undergraduate students from Columbia University and Barnard College in New York City, using evidence based methods to maximize response rates and sample representativeness, and behaviorally specific measures of sexual assault to accurately capture victimization rates. This paper focuses on student experiences of different types of sexual assault victimization, as well as sociodemographic, social, and risk environment correlates. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used to estimate prevalences and test associations. Since college entry, 22% of students reported experiencing at least one incident of sexual assault (defined as sexualized touching, attempted penetration [oral, anal, vaginal, other], or completed penetration). Women and gender nonconforming students reported the highest rates (28% and 38%, respectively), although men also reported sexual assault (12.5%). Across types of assault and gender groups, incapacitation due to alcohol and drug use and/or other factors was the perpetration method reported most frequently (> 50%); physical force (particularly for completed penetration in women) and verbal coercion were also commonly reported. Factors associated with increased risk for sexual assault included non-heterosexual identity, difficulty paying for basic necessities, fraternity/sorority membership, participation in more casual sexual encounters ("hook ups") vs. exclusive/monogamous or no sexual relationships, binge drinking, and experiencing sexual assault before college. High rates of re -victimization during college were reported across gender groups. Our study is consistent with prevalence findings previously reported. Variation in types of assault and methods of perpetration experienced across gender groups highlight the need to develop prevention strategies tailored to specific risk groups.