Spatial variation in the gastrointestinal microbiome, diet, and nutritional condition of a juvenile flatfish among coastal habitats.
Spatial variation in the gastrointestinal microbiome, diet, and nutritional condition of a juvenile flatfish among coastal habitats.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105413
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Marc T. Morris;C. Hauton;A. Baylay;L. Peruzza;T. Targett;B. Ciotti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marc T. Morris;C. Hauton;A. Baylay;L. Peruzza;T. Targett;B. Ciotti
肠道菌群对动物宿主的健康、适应和发育非常重要，但对野生鱼类种群的肠道菌群知之甚少。这些知识对青少年生命阶段尤其重要，因为营养摄入对早期发育、生长和最终招募起着至关重要的作用。我们描述了居住在沙滩上的年轻欧洲鲽（“YOY鲽”）肠道中的微生物群，这是它们的主要幼年栖息地，并研究了这些微生物群落如何在空间上随其鲽宿主的饮食和营养状况而变化。在两个空间尺度上对鱼的体型、饮食（胃饱度和真核18S核糖体测序）、营养状况（RNA:DNA）和肠道微生物群（16S原核核糖体测序）进行了比较：在相距数十公里的海滩之间和在相距数十米的同一海滩上不同深度的地点之间。YOY鲽肠道的主要微生物门为变形菌门、螺旋体菌门、蠕形菌门和疣菌门。在变形菌门中，有一种不寻常的优势是阿尔法变形菌门。不同滩涂间YOY鲽的体型、饵料和营养状况存在差异，肠道菌群结构也存在差异。值得注意的是，其中一个海滩的营养状况和体型大幅减少，与胃饱腹感降低、环节动物消耗减少以及特定微生物分类群的丰度和存在差异有关。尽管胃饱度和营养状况没有显著差异，但在同一托儿所海滩的不同深度之间，微生物组合、体型和饮食也存在差异。环境、肠道微生物群及其宿主之间的功能联系是幼鱼在关键生命阶段发育的潜在重要媒介。我们的研究表明，这些联系需要在10公里甚至10米的尺度上进行处理，以捕捉在野生幼鱼种群中观察到的变异性。
Gut microbiota are important for the health, fitness and development of animal hosts, but little is known about these assemblages in wild populations of fish. Such knowledge is particularly important for juvenile life stages where nutritional intake critically determines early development, growth, and ultimately recruitment. We characterise the microbiome inhabiting the gut of young-of-the-year European plaice (‘YOY plaice’) on sandy beaches, their key juvenile habitat, and examine how these microbial communities vary spatially in relation to diet and nutritional condition of their plaice hosts. Body size, diet (stomach fullness and eukaryotic 18S ribosomal sequencing), nutritional condition (RNA:DNA) and gut microbiota (16S prokaryotic ribosomal sequencing) were compared in fish at two spatial scales: between beaches separated by 10s of kilometres and between sites at different depths on the same beach, separated by 10s of metres. The main microbial phyla in YOY plaice guts were Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobiae. Within the Proteobacteria there was an unusual dominance of Alphaproteobacteria. Differences in body size, diet and nutritional condition of YOY plaice between beaches were accompanied by differences in gut microbial assemblage structure. Notably, substantially reduced nutritional condition and size at one of the beaches was associated with lower stomach fullness, reduced consumption of annelids and differences in the abundance and presence of specific microbial taxa. Differences were also detected in microbial assemblages, body size, and diet between depths within the same nursery beach, although stomach fullness and nutritional condition did not vary significantly. The functional links between the environment, gut microbiota, and their hosts are potentially important mediators of the development of young fish through critical life stages. Our study indicates that these links need to be addressed at 10 km and even 10 m scales to capture the variability observed in wild populations of juvenile fish.