Microbial Interactions in the Respiratory Tract
Microbial Interactions in the Respiratory Tract
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DOI：
10.1097/inf.0b013e3181b6d7ec
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Smeesters, Pierre R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy, Timothy F.;Bakaletz, Lauren O.;Smeesters, Pierre R.
上呼吸道感染是由上呼吸道病毒与鼻咽部植物群中的肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌（NTHi）和卡他莫拉菌（Moraxella catarrhalis）等3种主要病原菌协同或拮抗作用引起的，许多病原菌在宿主粘膜表面定植是其感染过程的第一步。S. pneumoniae和I-I.流感病毒在鼻咽中具有复杂的相互作用。宿主的先天性免疫反应可能影响这些相互作用，从而影响定植植物群和入侵细菌的组成。pneumoniae，不能分型的H.流感嗜血杆菌和M.当条件最佳时，卡他炎可表现为中耳的机会性病原体。慢性中耳炎（OM）和复发性OM包括生物膜组分。OM的3种主要病原体中的每一种都可以形成生物膜，并且已经显示包括存在于从患有复发性或慢性OM的儿童中回收的中耳粘膜标本上的生物膜。这些特征性生物膜中的一些是混合细菌病原学的，这表明在用于治疗和/或预防OM的单一微生物定向策略上取得的进展，尽管非常令人鼓舞，但可能是不够的。确定疾病自然病程中可能更适合治疗策略的点，以及确定生物膜相关抗原靶点，这将有助于合理设计预防OM的疫苗。
Upper respiratory tract infections are caused by the synergistic and antagonistic interactions between upper respiratory tract viruses and 3 predominant bacterial pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and Moraxella catarrhalis, which are members of the commensal flora of the nasopharynx.For many bacterial pathogens, colonization of host mucosal surfaces is a first and necessary step in the infectious process. S. pneumoniae and I-I. influenzae have intricate interactions in the nasopharynx. The host innate immune response may influence these interactions and therefore influence the composition of the colonizing flora and the invading bacteria.S. pneumoniae, nontypeable H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis can behave as opportunistic pathogens of the middle ear when conditions are optimal. Chronic otitis media (OM) and recurrent OM include a biofilm component. Each of the 3 predominant pathogens of OM can form a biofilm and have been shown to comprise biofilms present on middle ear mucosa specimens recovered from children with recurrent or chronic OM. Some of these characterized biofilms are of mixed bacterial etiology, suggesting that progress made on single-microbe directed strategies for treatment and/or prevention of OM, although highly encouraging, are likely to be inadequate.A significantly greater understanding about microbial physiology is required as it relates to the involvement of biofilms in OM, to identify points in the natural course of the disease that are perhaps more amenable to treatment strategies, as well as to identify biofilm-relevant antigenic targets that would be helpful in the rational design of vaccines to prevent OM.