Genetics in conservation management: Revised recommendations for the 50/500 rules, Red List criteria and population viability analyses
Genetics in conservation management: Revised recommendations for the 50/500 rules, Red List criteria and population viability analyses
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2013.12.036
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Brook, Barry W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frankham, Richard;Bradshaw, Corey J. A.;Brook, Barry W.
保护管理者通常需要根据有限的信息和资源迅速做出决策。因此，概括对于指导干预措施具有重要作用。在这里，我们（i）批评一些广泛接受的概括和影响它们的变量的信息，（ii）评估目前如何将遗传因素充分纳入用于估计最小可行种群规模的种群生存力分析（PVA）模型中，以及（iii）将上述内容与出于遗传考虑而得出的国际自然保护联盟红色名录标准中受威胁物种的种群规模阈值联系起来。自 1980 年以来积累的证据表明，遗传有效种群规模 (N-e) = 50 不足以防止野生环境中五代以上的近交衰退，需要 N-e >= 100 才能将总适应度损失限制在 = 1000。从人口普查种群规模 (N) 到 Ne 的外推取决于了解 N-e/N 的比率，但大多数野生种群无法获得此信息。如果对不同的生活史进行调整，荟萃分析的比率平均值（类似于 0.1-0.2）就足够了。大多数基于 PVA 的风险评估都忽略或不充分地模拟遗传因素。 PVA 通常应包括现实的近亲繁殖抑制，并且应在适当的情况下纳入对进化潜力的遗传影响。保护中使用的遗传概括、PVA 中的遗传学处理以及源自遗传因素的 IUCN 红色名录标准部分，都需要进行修订才能成为更有效的保护工具。 (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Conservation managers typically need to make prompt decisions based on limited information and resources. Consequently, generalisations have essential roles in guiding interventions. Here, we (i) critique information on some widely accepted generalisations and variables affecting them, (ii) assess how adequately genetic factors are currently incorporated into population viability analysis (PVA) models used to estimate minimum viable population sizes, and (iii) relate the above to population size thresholds of the IUCN Red List criteria for threatened species that were derived from genetic considerations. Evidence accumulated since 1980 shows that genetically effective population size (N-e) = 50 is inadequate for preventing inbreeding depression over five generations in the wild, with N-e >= 100 being required to limit loss in total fitness to = 1000. Extrapolation from census population size (N) to Ne depends on knowing the ratio of N-e/N, yet this information is unavailable for most wild populations. Ratio averages (similar to 0.1-0.2) from meta-analyses are sufficient, provided adjustments are made for dissimilar life histories. Most PVA-based risk assessments ignore or inadequately model genetic factors. PVA should routinely include realistic inbreeding depression, and genetic impacts on evolutionary potential should be incorporated where appropriate. Genetic generalisations used in conservation, the treatment of genetics in PVAs, and sections of the IUCN Red List criteria derived from genetic considerations, all require revision to be more effective conservation tools. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.