Being Smarter about Space: Drawing Lessons from Spatial Science
Being Smarter about Space: Drawing Lessons from Spatial Science
复制标题
更聪明地对待空间：从空间科学中汲取教训
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matthew Zook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Poorthuis;Matthew Zook
智能技术在其许多方面经常在地理学中受到批评，其方式与20世纪60年代的定量地理学和20世纪90年代的GIScience的批评相似。这样，“智能”技术本身的发展及其批评都是围绕量化和技术的长期学科辩论的最新篇章。我们重新评估这段历史，并认为定量方法论及其理论批评并不像人们常说的那样不相容。为了说明我们如何解决理论和定量方法之间的这种明显的紧张关系，我们回顾了这两种方法如何概念化地理学的核心概念之一-空间-并强调共生的机会。虽然智能技术可以进一步正统的实证主义的方法，我们认为，实际的做法是更加微妙的，不一定是绝对的或总体化。例如，最近的计算工作建立在关键地理理论的基础上，以分析和可视化拓扑和关系空间，与绅士化和种族隔离等主题相关。其结果不是智能技术和算法消除了对人类输入的需求的地理学，而是与最近复兴的关键定量地理学相一致的反驳。简而言之，其结果是社会理论和人类智力在指导计算方法分析我们有史以来最大，最通用，最相关的社会空间数据集方面发挥了关键作用。关键词：地理计算，GIS科学，智能技术，空间，空间科学。
Smart technology—in its many facets—is often critiqued within geography in ways that parallel the critiques of quantitative geography in the 1960s and GIScience in the 1990s. In this way, both the development of “smart” technology itself and its criticisms are the latest chapter in a long-standing disciplinary debate around quantification and technology. We reevaluate this history and argue that quantitative methodology and its theoretical critiques are not as incompatible as often claimed. To illustrate how we might address this apparent tension between theory and quantitative methods, we review how both approaches conceptualize one of geography’s core concepts—space—and highlight opportunities for symbiosis. Although smart technologies can further orthodox positivist approaches, we argue that the actual practice is more nuanced and not necessarily absolute or totalizing. For example, recent computational work builds on critical geographic theories to analyze and visualize topological and relational spaces, relevant to topics such as gentrification and segregation. The result is not a geography in which smart technology and algorithms remove the need for human input but rather a rejoinder in line with the recent resurgence of a critical quantitative geography. In short, the result is a geography where social theory and the human intellect play a key role in guiding computational approaches to analyze the largest, most versatile, most and relevant data sets on social space that we have ever had. Key Words: geocomputation, GIScience,smart technology, space, spatial science.