US child labor violations in the retail and service industries: findings from a national survey of working adolescents.
US child labor violations in the retail and service industries: findings from a national survey of working adolescents.
复制标题
美国零售业和服务业中的童工违法行为：对青少年工作的全国调查结果。
DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2007.122853
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
J. Michael Bowling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimberly J. Rauscher;C. Runyan;Michael D. Schulman;J. Michael Bowling
目标
我们调查了在零售业和服务业工作的美国青少年中的童工侵权行为。
方法
我们使用了来自全国代表性的青少年工作样本的访谈数据，并调查了选定的童工违法行为的报告（例如，工作时间、设备和工作许可证）。我们计算了报告每种离散（和汇总）违规行为的受访者的加权百分比。
结果
近37%的受访者报告违反了危险职业令（即，禁止的工作或使用设备），40%的人报告违反了工作许可证。只有不到2%的人报告说，他们的工作时间超过了学年允许的每周最长工作时间，但11%的人报告说，他们在上学的晚上工作超过了允许的最后一个小时，15%的人报告说，他们在下班后工作。
结论
大量的美国青少年被雇用违反童工法，因此面临安全风险。虽然我们的数据不允许对执法情况进行分析，但我们的调查结果表明，雇主在遵守法律方面存在差距。我们建议，需要更密切地关注执法政策和做法。
OBJECTIVES
We investigated child labor violations among US adolescents working in the retail and service industries.
METHODS
We used interview data from a nationally representative sample of working adolescents, and investigated reports of select child labor violations (e.g., hours, equipment, and work permits). We computed weighted percentages of respondents reporting each type of discrete (and aggregated) violation.
RESULTS
Nearly 37% of respondents reported a violation of the hazardous occupations orders (i.e., prohibited jobs or use of equipment), and 40% reported a work permit violation. Fewer than 2% reported working more than the maximum weekly hours allowed during the school year, but 11% reported working past the latest hour allowed on a school night, and 15% reported working off the clock.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant numbers of US adolescents are employed in violation of the child labor laws and as a result are exposed to safety risks. Although our data did not allow for an analysis of enforcement, our findings demonstrate gaps in employer compliance with the law. We suggest that closer attention to enforcement policy and practice is needed.