Maturation of white matter in the human brain: A review of magnetic resonance studies
Maturation of white matter in the human brain: A review of magnetic resonance studies
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DOI：
10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00434-2
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Zijdenbos, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paus, T;Collins, DL;Zijdenbos, A
本文通过对健康受试者进行磁共振成像，对脑白质的成熟进行了综述。该综述首先简要描述了磁共振信号的性质及其可能的生物学基础，然后描述了在新生儿、婴儿、儿童和青少年中获得的磁共振结果。在MR图像上，水分含量的显著减少导致纵向松弛时间(T1)和横向松弛时间(T2)的减少，随之而来的T1加权和T2加权图像在生命第一年结束时变得明显的“成人式”表现。由于髓鞘形成的开始和相应的脂质含量的增加，MR图像在时间序列上逐渐获得精致的灰白质对比，反映了髓鞘形成的时间进程。尽管不那么明显，但白质中与年龄相关的变化在儿童和青春期仍在继续；白质增加了整体体积，并以区域特有的方式变得更有髓鞘。在大脑发育的这一“后期”阶段，对磁共振图像的计算分析极大地有助于检测更细微的变化。该综述还简要概述了未来的发展方向，包括使用新的磁共振技术，如扩散张量成像和磁化转移，以及建议同时使用实验行为测试电池和结构磁共振成像，以研究结构-功能关系的发育变化。(C)2001年爱思唯尔科学公司。
This review focuses on the maturation of brain white-matter, as revealed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging carried out in healthy subjects. The review begins with a brief description of the nature of the MR signal and its possible biological underpinnings, and proceeds with a description of MR findings obtained in newborns, infants, children and adolescents. On MR images, a significant decrease in water content leads to a decrease of longitudinal relaxation times (T1) and transverse relaxation times (T2) and consequent "adult-like" appearance of T1-weighted and T2-weighted images becomes evident towards the end of the first year of life. Owing to the onset of myelination and the related increase of lipid content, MR images gradually acquire an exquisite grey-white matter contrast in a temporal sequence reflecting the time course of myelination. Albeit less pronounced, age-related changes in white matter continue during childhood and adolescence; white matter increases its overall volume and becomes more myelinated in a region-specific fashion. Detection of more subtle changes during this "late" phase of brain development is greatly aided by computational analyses of MR images. The review also briefly outlines future directions, including the use of novel MR techniques such as diffusion tenser imaging and magnetization transfer, as well as the suggestion for the concurrent use of experimental behavioral test-batteries, with structural MR imaging, to study developmental changes in structure-function relationships. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.