Effects of oestrogen on cognition: What have we learned from basic research?
Effects of oestrogen on cognition: What have we learned from basic research?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01471.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Daniel, J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel, J. M.
在过去的二十年中进行的临床和基础研究的结果暗示了雌激素在调节认知功能中的作用。本文综述了雌激素对哺乳动物认知功能影响的研究进展。雌激素水平的增加与海马体中树突棘和突触密度的增加有关，海马体是一个对学习和记忆很重要的大脑区域。然而，雌激素在调节学习和记忆任务的表现中的作用是复杂的，因为它对某些任务产生增强作用，对其他任务产生损害作用。已经提出了一些假说来解释这些不同的行为，包括区分雌激素对完成任务所需的认知过程的影响，以及分析雌激素水平波动对动物解决任务所选择的策略的影响。有人建议，当这些假设被视为在海马和潜在的其他大脑区域的雌激素作用的背景下，一个框架，了解雌激素对认知的各种影响出现。依赖于大脑的记忆系统支持记忆的灵活表达，而独立于大脑的记忆系统支持个体表征的发展。由于雌激素对海马结构和功能的影响，它有望提高各种任务的表现，这些任务需要海马依赖的灵活表达记忆，而不会提高涉及海马独立个体表征的任务的表现。这篇综述提供了一个理论模型，通过该模型可以调和评估雌激素对认知作用的研究的不同结果，并表明雌激素对认知的影响最好在雌激素在大脑中的作用和雌激素在学习和记忆中介中的作用的框架内理解。
The results of clinical and basic research conducted over the past two decades have implicated a role for oestrogen in modulating cognitive function. This review focuses on what the results of research using female rodent models have revealed about the effects of oestrogen on mammalian cognition. Increased levels of oestrogen are associated with increased dendritic spine and synapse density in the hippocampus, a brain area important for learning and memory. However, the role of oestrogen in the modulation of performance on tasks of learning and memory is complex because it exerts enhancing effects on some tasks and impairing effects on others. Hypotheses have been offered to explain these varied actions, including differentiating the effects of oestrogen on cognitive processes required to complete tasks and analysing the influence of fluctuating levels of oestrogen on the strategies selected by animals to solve tasks. It is proposed that, when these hypotheses are viewed together and within the context of oestrogen action in the hippocampus and potentially other brain areas, a framework for understanding the varied effects of oestrogen on cognition emerges. The hippocampal-dependent memory system supports the flexible expression of memories and the hippocampal-independent memory system supports development of individual representations. Because of the effects exerted by oestrogen on the structure and function of the hippocampus, it would be expected to enhance performance across a variety of tasks that require hippocampal-dependent flexible expression of memories and would not enhance performance on tasks that involve hippocampal-independent individual representations. This review offers a theoretical model by which the divergent results of studies assessing the role of oestrogen on cognition can be reconciled and suggests that effects of oestrogen on cognition are best understood within the framework of oestrogen action in the brain and the role of those brain areas affected by oestrogen in the mediation of learning and memory.