STUDIES IN THE EGO DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONGENITALLY BLIND CHILD
STUDIES IN THE EGO DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONGENITALLY BLIND CHILD
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DOI：
10.1080/00797308.1964.11822863
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
FREEDMAN, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FRAIBERG, S;FREEDMAN, DA
我们对先天失明婴儿自我形成过程的兴趣源于我们第一次在失明儿童中发现的某些自我偏差。我们和其他研究人员对出生时就完全失明的儿童出现自我偏差的高发生率以及这些儿童所表现出的与视力正常儿童的自闭症非常相似的临床症状印象深刻。由于许多出生时就失明的孩子可能达到了与视力正常的孩子相当的自我整合水平，我们不得不得出结论，视力缺失本身并不是导致异常发展的主要诱发因素。异常盲童在嘴首因和无分化水平上表现出统一的发育停滞和人格冻结。这些和回顾性历史中的某些细节表明，自我形成的过程在9到18个月的关键时期受到阻碍。失明作为一种障碍的作用和失明婴儿独特的适应问题尚待了解。1959年，新奥尔良家庭服务协会启动了一项指导计划，在对28名盲童的第一年入学情况进行了回顾，我们发现了7个年龄在3到13岁之间的孩子，他们表现出了一幅发育迟缓的非凡图景。临床表现与此相似
Our interest in the process of ego formation in the congenitally blind infant originated in our first encounters with certain ego deviations found among blind children. We and other investigators were impressed by the high incidence of ego deviations encountered among children totally blind from birth and the clinical picture presented by such children which closely resembled autism in the sighted child. Since many children blind from birth may achieve a level of ego integration comparable to that of the sighted child we had to conclude that the absence of vision was not in itself the primary predisposing factor to deviant development. The deviant blind children showed a uniform developmental arrest and a freezing of personality on the level of mouth primacy and nondifferentiation. These and certain details in the retrospective histories suggested that the process of ego formation had been impeded during the critical period nine to eighteen months. The role of blindness as an impediment and the unique adaptational problems of the blind infant were yet to be understood.In a review of twenty-eight blind children who constituted the first year's admissions to a guidance program inaugurated by the Family Service Society of New Orleans in 1959 we found seven cases in the age range three to thirteen who presented an extraordinary picture of developmental arrest. The clinical picture resembled that