SnoRNA in Cancer Progression, Metastasis and Immunotherapy Response.
SnoRNA in Cancer Progression, Metastasis and Immunotherapy Response.
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SnoRNA在癌症进展、转移和免疫治疗反应中的作用
DOI：
10.3390/biology10080809
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发表时间：
2021-08-20
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Fleming NI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van der Werf J;Chin CV;Fleming NI
在我们的基因组中发现了比我们预期的要多得多的小核仁RNA(SnoRNA)。SnoRNAs的活动被认为仅限于它们最初被发现的核仁。然而，现在，它们的显著数量表明，它们的功能更加多样化。对癌症的研究表明，snoRNA水平与疾病进展的不同阶段有关，包括与转移有关。此外，snoRNA水平与免疫治疗反应之间的关系已有报道。新兴技术现在允许snoRNA直接针对癌症，这一治疗价值正在探索中。小核仁RNA(SnoRNA)是我们最早认识到的非编码RNA类别之一，但由于假设它们的活动仅限于核仁，癌症研究人员在很大程度上忽略了它。然而，随着全基因组序列的获得，许多新的snoRNA基因被发现，多项研究表明它们的功能是多样化的。现在的共识是，许多snoRNA在癌症中调节失调，在癌症类型、分期和转移之间有差异表达，它们可以积极地调节疾病的进展。此外，snoRNA类分子的调控受支持肿瘤的mTOR信号通路的支配，它们可能对免疫细胞功能和抗肿瘤免疫反应具有特殊的意义。鉴于最近出现的可以针对RNA分子的疗法，snoRNA作为药物靶点具有强大的潜力，无论是单独还是在免疫疗法的背景下都是如此。
A much larger number of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) have been found encoded within our genomes than we ever expected to see. The activities of the snoRNAs were thought restricted to the nucleolus, where they were first discovered. Now, however, their significant number suggests that their functions are more diverse. Studies in cancers have shown snoRNA levels to associate with different stages of disease progression, including with metastasis. In addition, relationships between snoRNA levels and response to immunotherapies, have been reported. Emerging technologies now allow snoRNA to be targeted directly in cancers, and the therapeutic value of this is being explored. Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) were one of our earliest recognised classes of non-coding RNA, but were largely ignored by cancer investigators due to an assumption that their activities were confined to the nucleolus. However, as full genome sequences have become available, many new snoRNA genes have been identified, and multiple studies have shown their functions to be diverse. The consensus now is that many snoRNA are dysregulated in cancers, are differentially expressed between cancer types, stages and metastases, and they can actively modify disease progression. In addition, the regulation of the snoRNA class is dominated by the cancer-supporting mTOR signalling pathway, and they may have particular significance to immune cell function and anti-tumour immune responses. Given the recent advent of therapeutics that can target RNA molecules, snoRNA have robust potential as drug targets, either solely or in the context of immunotherapies.
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