EGG MIMICS IN HAPLOCHROMINE CICHLIDS (PISCES, PERCIFORMES) FROM LAKE VICTORIA
EGG MIMICS IN HAPLOCHROMINE CICHLIDS (PISCES, PERCIFORMES) FROM LAKE VICTORIA
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0310.1991.tb00273.x
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
GOLDSCHMIDT, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GOLDSCHMIDT, T
对维多利亚湖单倍色慈鲷的肛门斑点进行了生态形态学解释。 肛斑是这些鱼臀鳍上的卵形橙黄色斑点。 讨论了性选择和捕食作为这些斑点形式的决定因素的可能作用。 有证据表明肛门斑点是鸡蛋的模仿物，因此是种内模仿的例子。 模仿卵子来刺激性活跃的女性可能是对肛门斑点形式的重要要求。 然而，肛门斑点大小和鸡蛋大小之间没有发现正相关。 所调查物种栖息地的光强度与肛门斑点大小呈负相关。 与此相反，鸡蛋大小与光强度并未表现出负相关。 有人建议，除了拟态之外，在确定光斑大小时至少还涉及一项要求：引人注目。 引人注目可能会对追求同种雌性产生积极影响（好处），但对于那些通过视觉寻找成虫或卵的捕食者来说，却会产生负面影响（成本）。 肛门斑点的实际外观可能是一种妥协。 这可以解释许多物种的卵大小和斑点大小之间的不匹配。 定性证据表明，视觉狩猎捕食者对成年单倍体施加的捕食压力在较轻的栖息地（即）中相对较高。靠近岩石和靠近地表。 另一种假设是，黑暗环境中的斑点是看不见的，除非它们是超正常的。
An ecomorphological explanation is given of the anal spots of haplochromine cichlids from Lake Victoria. Anal spots are ovoid orange-yellow spots on the anal fins of these fishes. The possible roles of sexual selection and predation as determinants of the form of these spots are discussed. Evidence is given that the anal spots are egg mimics and thus examples of intra-specific mimicry. Mimicking an egg to stimulate sexually active females presumably is an important demand on the form of the anal spots. However, no positive correlation was found between anal spot size and egg size. Light intensities of the habitat of the species investigated showed a negative correlation with anal spot size. In contrast to this, egg size did not show a negative correlation with light intensities. It is suggested that, besides mimicry, at least one more demand is involved in determining spot size: that of being conspicuous. Conspicuousness is likely to have a positive impact (benefits) on courting conspecific females, but a negative one (costs) with regard to predators who hunt visually for either adults or eggs. The actual appearance of anal spots may be a compromise. This may explain the mismathc between egg size and spot size in many species. Qualitative evidence is presented that predation pressures on adult haplochromines exerted by visually hunting predators are relatively high in lighter habitats, viz. near the rocks and near the surface. An alternative hypothesis that spots in dark surroundings cannot be seen unless they are supra-normal is discussed.