Extracellular Microenvironmental Control for Organoid Assembly
Extracellular Microenvironmental Control for Organoid Assembly
复制标题
类器官组装的细胞外微环境控制
DOI：
10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0186
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kong, Hyunjoon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sullivan, Kathryn M.;Ko, Eunkyung;Kim, Eun Mi;Ballance, William C.;Ito, John D.;Chalifoux, Madeleine;Kim, Young Jun;Bashir, Rashid;Kong, Hyunjoon
类器官是一种与活器官具有相似生理功能的多细胞簇，在生物工程中受到越来越多的关注。随着类器官变得更加先进，形成复杂结构的方法不断发展。有证据表明细胞外微环境可以调节类器官的质量。细胞外微环境由可溶性生物活性分子、细胞外基质和生物液流组成。然而，很少有人努力讨论设计特定类器官的最佳微环境。因此，这篇综述文章探讨了工程细胞外微环境调节类器官质量的程度。首先，我们总结了天然组织和器官独特的化学和机械特性，指导研究人员设计用于类器官工程的细胞外微环境。然后，我们总结了微环境如何促进大脑、肺、肠、肝脏、视网膜和肾脏类器官的形成和生长。还详细讨论了形成和评估所得类器官的方法。影响陈述类器官是具有与活器官相似生理功能的多细胞簇，在生物工程中越来越受到关注。随着类器官变得更加先进，形成复杂结构的方法不断发展。这篇综述文章重点介绍了最近在类器官研究中设计细胞外微环境的努力。我们总结了自然器官的微环境，这为研究人员提供了影响类器官形成的关键因素。然后，我们总结了这些微环境控制如何显着促进相应的大脑、肺、肠、肝脏、视网膜和肾脏类器官的形成和生长。详细讨论了形成和评估所得类器官的方法，包括细胞外基质的选择和特性、培养方法以及通过成像和生化分析评估形态和功能。
Organoids, which are multicellular clusters with similar physiological functions to living organs, have gained increasing attention in bioengineering. As organoids become more advanced, methods to form complex structures continue to develop. There is evidence that the extracellular microenvironment can regulate organoid quality. The extracellular microenvironment consists of soluble bioactive molecules, extracellular matrix, and biofluid flow. However, few efforts have been made to discuss the microenvironment optimal to engineer specific organoids. Therefore, this review article examines the extent to which engineered extracellular microenvironments regulate organoid quality. First, we summarize the natural tissue and organ's unique chemical and mechanical properties, guiding researchers to design an extracellular microenvironment used for organoid engineering. Then, we summarize how the microenvironments contribute to the formation and growth of the brain, lung, intestine, liver, retinal, and kidney organoids. The approaches to forming and evaluating the resulting organoids are also discussed in detail.Impact statementOrganoids, which are multicellular clusters with similar physiological function to living organs, have been gaining increasing attention in bioengineering. As organoids become more advanced, methods to form complex structures continue to develop. This review article focuses on recent efforts to engineer the extracellular microenvironment in organoid research. We summarized the natural organ's microenvironment, which informs researchers of key factors that can influence organoid formation. Then, we summarize how these microenvironmental controls significantly contribute to the formation and growth of the corresponding brain, lung, intestine, liver, retinal, and kidney organoids. The approaches to forming and evaluating the resulting organoids are discussed in detail, including extracellular matrix choice and properties, culture methods, and the evaluation of the morphology and functionality through imaging and biochemical analysis.