Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: an analysis of data from population-based surveys
Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: an analysis of data from population-based surveys
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DOI：
10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00013-3
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
34.3
通讯作者：
Kotsadam, Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heise, Lori L.;Kotsadam, Andreas
背景平均而言，亲密伴侣的暴力行为影响到全世界近三分之一的女性的一生。但伴侣暴力的分布非常不均衡，在许多高收入国家，过去12个月的伴侣暴力发生率不到4%，而在一些低收入国家，这一比例至少为40%。人们对伴侣暴力地理分布的驱动因素知之甚少，也不知道宏观因素如何与个人因素相结合来影响个别妇女遭受亲密伴侣暴力的风险。我们的目的是评估女性地位和其他性别相关因素在确定伴侣暴力水平方面的作用。方法我们收集了来自44个国家的66项调查(88个调查年)的12个月伴侣暴力患病率的数据，代表481 205名女性。只使用了具有可比性问题的调查和确保安全和鼓励披露暴力的最新方法。通过线性和分位数回归，我们检验了社会经济发展的宏观指标、妇女地位、性别不平等和性别相关规范与当前伴侣暴力在人口水平上的流行率之间的关系。使用多水平模型和交互作用测试来探索宏观因素是否以及如何影响个人水平的风险。这一分析的结果是当前伴侣暴力的人口流行率，定义为在过去12个月内至少遭受一次身体或性暴力行为的15岁至49岁的有伴侣的妇女(不包括没有现任伴侣的寡妇)的百分比。在国家和国家以下一级找到与性别有关的因素有助于预测过去12个月内发生身体暴力和性伴侣暴力的人口流行率。对伴侣暴力地理分布的特别预测是与男性对女性行为的权威有关的规范(0.102，p
Background On average, intimate partner violence affects nearly one in three women worldwide within their lifetime. But the distribution of partner violence is highly uneven, with a prevalence of less than 4% in the past 12 months in many high-income countries compared with at least 40% in some low-income settings. Little is known about the factors that drive the geographical distribution of partner violence or how macro-level factors might combine with individual-level factors to affect individual women's risk of intimate partner violence. We aimed to assess the role that women's status and other gender-related factors might have in defining levels of partner violence among settings.Methods We compiled data for the 12 month prevalence of partner violence from 66 surveys (88 survey years) from 44 countries, representing 481 205 women between Jan 1, 2000, and Apr 17, 2013. Only surveys with comparable questions and state-of-the-art methods to ensure safety and encourage violence disclosure were used. With linear and quantile regression, we examined associations between macro-level measures of socioeconomic development, women's status, gender inequality, and gender-related norms and the prevalence of current partner violence at a population level. Multilevel modelling and tests for interaction were used to explore whether and how macro-level factors affect individual-level risk. The outcome for this analysis was the population prevalence of current partner violence, defined as the percentage of ever-partnered women (excluding widows without a current partner), aged from 15 years to 49 years who were victims of at least one act of physical or sexual violence within the past 12 months.Findings Gender-related factors at the national and subnational level help to predict the population prevalence of physical and sexual partner violence within the past 12 months. Especially predictive of the geographical distribution of partner violence are norms related to male authority over female behaviour (0.102, p