New accessory for the DUAL-PAM-100: The P515/535 module and examples of its application
New accessory for the DUAL-PAM-100: The P515/535 module and examples of its application
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
U. Schreiber;C. Klughammer
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作者：
U. Schreiber;C. Klughammer
P515/535模块已成为DUAL-PAM-100的新配件。它用于同时测量双光束550 - 515 nm差分信号，反映电致变色色素位移（ECS, P515），以及单光束535 nm信号，反映“膜通电”（“散射”变化）。概述了新器件的发射极和探测单元的技术特点，并给出了一些典型的应用实例。脉冲调制测量光的频率范围很广，可以在软件控制下快速改变。通过这种方式，可以评估暗基线（低频），同时可以测量快速诱导动力学（高频）。由于异常高的信噪比，可以可靠地测量由单次饱和闪光引起的P515变化，而无需平均。对比550,535和515nm的单光束响应与双光束550 - 515nm的差分信号表明，后者基本上没有“散射”变化。除了P515 （ECS）外，550 - 515 nm信号还包含玉米黄质含量的信息，这反映在“暗基线”的变化上。由于高信号稳定性，可以可靠地评估这种变化，正如使用惰性样品（“人造叶子”）的测量所证明的那样。通过分析P515信号的光-暗响应，可以获得关于质子动力（pmf）的膜电位（Δψ）和质子梯度（ΔpH）组成部分的有价值的信息，正如David Kramer和他的同事（dirk分析）先前所证明的那样。DUAL-PAM提供了一种特殊的“P515通量”操作模式，光化光以光-暗脉冲的形式应用（光/暗的1/1调制）。“P515通量”信号为体内电子和质子耦合通量的稳态速率提供了有价值的信息。
The P515/535 module has become available as a new accessory for the DUAL-PAM-100. It serves for si- multaneous measurements of the dual beam 550 - 515 nm difference signal, reflecting the electrochromic pigment shift (ECS, P515), and of the single beam 535 nm signal, reflecting "membrane energization" ("scattering" changes). The technical features of the emitter and detector units of the new device are outlined and some typical examples of application are presented. A wide range of frequencies of the pulse modulated measuring light is provided, which can be rapidly altered under software control. In this way, the dark baseline can be assessed (at low frequency) and at the same time rapid induction kinetics can be measured (at high frequency). Due to an exceptionally high signal/noise ra- tio, the P515 change induced by a single-turnover saturating flash can be reliably measured without averaging. Com- parison of the single beam responses at 550, 535 and 515 nm with the dual beam 550 - 515 nm difference signal sug- gests that the latter is essentially free of "scattering" changes. Besides P515 (ECS), the 550 - 515 nm signal also con- tains information on the zeaxanthin content, which is reflected in changes of the "dark baseline". Such changes can be reliably evaluated due to the high signal stability, as demonstrated by measurements using an inert sample ("artificial leaf"). Valuable information on the membrane potential (Δψ) and proton gradient (ΔpH) components of the proton motive force (pmf) can be obtained by analyzing light-dark responses of the P515 signal, as previously demonstrated by David Kramer and co-workers (DIRK-analysis). The DUAL-PAM provides a special "P515 Flux" mode of opera- tion, with the actinic light being applied in form of light-dark pulses (1/1 modulation of light/dark). The "P515 Flux" signal provides valuable information on the steady-state rates of coupled electron and proton fluxes in vivo.