Gonadal differentiation in reptiles exhibiting environmental sex determination.
Gonadal differentiation in reptiles exhibiting environmental sex determination.
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爬行动物的性腺分化表现出环境性别决定。
DOI：
10.1159/000358892
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
L. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohno;S.;Parrott;B. B.;Yatsu;R.;Miyagawa;S.;Moore;B. C.;I guchi;T.;and Guillette Jr;L. J.
由于温度依赖性性别决定（TSD）和纯合子或杂合子遗传性别决定（GSD）存在于多个爬行动物分类群中，它们代表了重新出现的性别决定系统。目前的研究表明，各种爬行动物的遗传机制与其他脊椎动物的遗传机制相似。然而，最近完成或即将完成的各种爬行动物基因组计划表明，对具有或不具有TSD的相关物种的新研究可以开始为脊椎动物祖先的TSD和GSD的进化提供额外的见解。生殖细胞迁移和分化、性腺辅助细胞（如睾丸和卵巢发育中的支持细胞和颗粒细胞）的分化以及在创伤后应激障碍事件中基因表达的调控机制仍是主要问题。此外，爬行动物哨兵及其促性腺生成机制可能仍然是环境健康的重要指示物种。因此，正在进行的和新的研究需要将分子信息与爬行动物性腺的形态发生和功能联系起来。这些数据不仅将为了解这些现象在脊椎动物中的进化提供重要信息，而且还可以为了解我们周围环境的健康状况提供重要信息。
As temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and homozygote or heterozygote genetic sex determination (GSD) exist in multiple reptilian taxa, they represent sex determination systems that have emerged de novo. Current investigations have revealed that the genetic mechanisms used by various reptilian species are similar to those used by other vertebrates. However, the recent completion or near completion of various reptilian genome projects suggests that new studies examining related species with and without TSD could begin to provide additional insight into the evolution of TSD and GSD in vertebrate ancestors. Major questions still remain concerning germ cell migration and specification, the differentiation of gonadal accessory cells, such as the Sertoli cells and granulosa cells of the developing testis and ovary, respectively, and the mechanisms by which gene expression is regulated during TSD events. Further, reptilian sentinels and their mechanisms of gonadogenesis will likely remain important indicator species for environmental health. Thus, ongoing and new investigations need to tie molecular information to gonadal morphogenesis and function in reptiles. Such data will not only provide important information for an understanding of the evolution of these phenomena in vertebrates, but could also provide an important understanding of the health of the environment around us.