A Magnetic Map Leads Juvenile European Eels to the Gulf Stream
A Magnetic Map Leads Juvenile European Eels to the Gulf Stream
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.015
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发表时间：
2017-04-24
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Young, Kyle A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naisbett-Jones, Lewis C.;Putman, Nathan F.;Young, Kyle A.
迁徙使动物能够跟踪最大限度地生长、生存和繁殖的环境条件[1-3]。更好地理解迁徙的机制有助于改进对物种和生态系统的管理[1-4]。几个世纪以来，欧洲鳗鱼(安圭拉鳗鱼)一直是欧洲最重要的渔业之一，并引发了大量的科学研究，最近一次是由于招募幼鳗的戏剧性崩溃[5]。鳗鱼幼体通过与墨西哥湾流系统相关的洋流从马尾藻海繁殖地转移到北非到斯堪的纳维亚半岛的沿海和淡水栖息地[6，7]。十年或更长时间后，成熟的成虫迁徙回马尾藻海，产卵，然后死亡。然而，将幼鳗带到欧洲并将成年鳗鱼带回马尾藻海的迁徙机制仍然不明确[9，10]。在这里，我们使用了“磁位移”实验[11，12]来显示鳗鱼幼体的取向随着磁场强度和沿海洋迁徙路线的倾斜角的细微差异而变化。使用海洋环流模型的模拟显示，即使在实验观察到的方向上与磁位移相对应的位置上游得很弱，也会增加鳗鱼幼体进入墨西哥湾流系统的数量。这些发现为鳗鱼的迁徙生态和补充动态提供了新的见解，并表明适应海洋环流特征的自适应磁图有助于鳗鱼属的大规模海洋迁徙[7，13，14]。
Migration allows animals to track the environmental conditions that maximize growth, survival, and reproduction [1-3]. Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying migrations allows for improved management of species and ecosystems [1-4]. For centuries, the catadromous European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has provided one of Europe's most important fisheries and has sparked considerable scientific inquiry, most recently owing to the dramatic collapse of juvenile recruitment [5]. Larval eels are transported by ocean currents associated with the Gulf Stream System from Sargasso Sea breeding grounds to coastal and freshwater habitats from North Africa to Scandinavia [6, 7]. After a decade or more, maturing adults migrate back to the Sargasso Sea, spawn, and die [8]. However, the migratory mechanisms that bring juvenile eels to Europe and return adults to the Sargasso Sea remain equivocal [9, 10]. Here, we used a "magnetic displacement'' experiment [11, 12] to show that the orientation of juvenile eels varies in response to subtle differences in magnetic field intensity and inclination angle along their marine migration route. Simulations using an ocean circulation model revealed that even weakly swimming in the experimentally observed directions at the locations corresponding to the magnetic displacements would increase entrainment of juvenile eels into the Gulf Stream System. These findings provide new insight into the migration ecology and recruitment dynamics of eels and suggest that an adaptive magnetic map, tuned to large-scale features of ocean circulation, facilitates the vast oceanic migrations of the Anguilla genus [7, 13, 14].