The Origin and Evolution of Plant Flavonoid Metabolism
The Origin and Evolution of Plant Flavonoid Metabolism
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2019.00943
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发表时间：
2019-08
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
K. Yonekura-Sakakibara;Y. Higashi;Ryo Nakabayashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Yonekura-Sakakibara;Y. Higashi;Ryo Nakabayashi
在进化过程中，植物获得了产生多种化合物的能力。与在有限数量的物种中积累的专门代谢物不同，类黄酮广泛分布在植物界中。因此，在基因组学和代谢组学中对类黄酮代谢进行详细分析是研究植物在进化过程中如何形成其独特代谢途径的理想方法。与基因组信息相结合的更全面、更精确的代谢物分析有助于发现意想不到的基因功能和/或途径。类黄酮及其生物合成基因在植物界的分布表明类黄酮生物合成途径是通过一系列步骤进化的。形成类黄酮支架结构的酶可能首先是通过从初级代谢途径中招募酶而出现的，后来，属于超家族的酶，如 2-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶、细胞色素 P450 和短链脱氢酶/还原酶，修饰和改变了结构。人们普遍认为，类黄酮生物合成中的前两种酶——查耳酮合成酶和查耳酮异构酶，与脂质代谢中的酶源自共同的祖先。后来的酶通过基因复制和随后获得新功能来获得其功能。在这篇综述中，我们描述了黄酮类化合物代谢组学技术的最新进展以及类黄酮骨架生物合成酶的进化，以了解植物界类黄酮代谢的复杂进化特征。
During their evolution, plants have acquired the ability to produce a huge variety of compounds. Unlike the specialized metabolites that accumulate in limited numbers of species, flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Therefore, a detailed analysis of flavonoid metabolism in genomics and metabolomics is an ideal way to investigate how plants have developed their unique metabolic pathways during the process of evolution. More comprehensive and precise metabolite profiling integrated with genomic information are helpful to emerge unexpected gene functions and/or pathways. The distribution of flavonoids and their biosynthetic genes in the plant kingdom suggests that flavonoid biosynthetic pathways evolved through a series of steps. The enzymes that form the flavonoid scaffold structures probably first appeared by recruitment of enzymes from primary metabolic pathways, and later, enzymes that belong to superfamilies such as 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, cytochrome P450, and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase modified and varied the structures. It is widely accepted that the first two enzymes in flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase, and chalcone isomerase, were derived from common ancestors with enzymes in lipid metabolism. Later enzymes acquired their function by gene duplication and the subsequent acquisition of new functions. In this review, we describe the recent progress in metabolomics technologies for flavonoids and the evolution of flavonoid skeleton biosynthetic enzymes to understand the complicate evolutionary traits of flavonoid metabolism in plant kingdom.