Histology and ultrastructure of resistant mechanism of a new wheat materiaI-Yilipu to Puccinia striiformis
Histology and ultrastructure of resistant mechanism of a new wheat materiaI-Yilipu to Puccinia striiformis
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
Zhang Hongchang;Han Qing-mei;W. Chenfang;H. Lili;Zhang Qingqin;Kang Zhensheng
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作者：
Zhang Hongchang;Han Qing-mei;W. Chenfang;H. Lili;Zhang Qingqin;Kang Zhensheng
【摘要】：采用荧光显微镜、微分干涉显微镜和电镜等手段研究了小麦新材料一力普对条锈菌的抗性机制。与感病小麦品种名县169相比,一力普受感染叶片在组织学和超微结构上均表现出显着的抗性特征。一力普小麦病原菌发育的主要组织学表现是菌丝生长受到抑制、菌丝分枝延迟和菌落形成，吸器母细胞和吸器形成减少，同时宿主细胞出现不同程度的坏死。扫描电镜观察表明，伊力铺和感病小麦品种的病原菌均可通过发达的附着胞或芽管进入气孔开口。随后，伊力铺在病原菌发育过程中，细胞间菌丝、吸器母细胞和吸器发生一系列异常变化，细胞质变厚。电子致密，液泡增多，体积增大，消化原生质。细胞间菌丝和吸器母细胞的细胞壁不规则增厚，线粒体肿胀，数量增多，菌丝逐渐解体，细胞质逐渐降解为中央液泡，吸器母细胞失去生理功能。吸外膜起皱，吸外基质增宽，大量吸器寄主体细胞壁逐渐退化、穿孔，最终吸器体畸形坏死。同时，一力铺受侵染小麦叶片细胞壁形成、乳头形成、吸器包绕、寄主细胞坏死等结构防御反应明显比感病者明显。
Histology and ultrastructure of resistant mechanism of a new wheat material-Yilipu to Puccinia-strii-formis was examined by means of fluorescence microscopy,differential interference contrast microscopy and electron microscopy.The striking resistant characteristics in histology and ultrastructure were detected in the infected leaves of Yilipu as compared with susceptible wheat cultivar Mingxian 169.The main histological manifestation of the pathogen development in Yilipu wheat included inhibition of hyphal growth,delay of hyphal branching and colony formation,decrease of formation of haustorial mother cells and haustoria,at the same time,occurrence of host cell necrosis in different degrees.The observation by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the pathogen could enter stomatal openings by developed appressorium or germ tube both in Yilipu and susceptible wheat cultivar.Later,a series of abnormal changes occurred in intercellular hyphae,haustorial mother cells and haustoria during pathogen development in Yilipu.The cytoplasm became more electron-dense and vacuoles increased in number and in size which digested the protoplasm.The cell wall of intercellular hypha and haustorial mother cells were thickened irregularly.The mitochondria became swollen and increased in number,then hypha disintegrated gradually.The cytoplasm were degraded into central va-cuole gradually and haustorial mother cells lost their physiological function.The extrahaustorial membrane was wrinkled,the extrahaustorial matrix was widened and great amount of fibril or granular deposits accumulated there.The cell walls of hostorial body degraded gradually and perforated,and at the end,the haustorial body were malformed and necrosised.At the same time,the structural defense reactions such as formation of cell wall apposition,papilla,encasement of haustorium and necrosis of host cell were essentially more pronounced in the infected wheat leaves of Yilipu than in the susceptible one.