Psychological resilience in US military veterans: A 2-year, nationally representative prospective cohort study
Psychological resilience in US military veterans: A 2-year, nationally representative prospective cohort study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.017
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Pietrzak, Robert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isaacs, Kayla;Mota, Natalie P.;Pietrzak, Robert H.
尽管许多横断面研究已经研究了美国退伍军人心理弹性的相关性，但很少有纵向研究确定这一人群心理弹性的长期预测因素。目前的前瞻性队列研究使用了具有全国代表性的2157名退伍军人样本的数据，这些退伍军人在两次浪潮(2011和2013)中完成了基于网络的调查，这是全国退伍军人健康和韧性研究(NHRVS)的一部分。对潜在创伤事件的终身累积暴露和创伤后应激、严重抑郁和广泛性焦虑症的当前症状的第2波测量进行了聚类分析，以表征当前与创伤相关的心理症状的不同特征。在社会人口学、临床和心理社会特征方面对不同的特征进行了比较。三组聚类分析显示，对照组为低生活创伤暴露和当前心理痛苦(59.5%)，弹性组为高生活创伤和当前痛苦低(27.4%)，痛苦组既有高创伤暴露又有当前痛苦症状(13.1%)。这些结果表明，大多数遭受创伤的退伍军人(67.7%)在心理上是有弹性的。与痛苦组相比，弹性组更年轻，更有可能是高加索人，在身体健康困难、既往精神病史和药物滥用方面得分较低。较高水平的情绪稳定性、外倾性、性格感恩、生活目标和利他主义，以及较低水平的对经历的开放程度预示着弹性状态。旨在加强感恩、使命感和利他主义等可修改因素的预防和治疗努力，可能有助于提高高度创伤暴露的退伍军人的复原力。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。
Although many cross-sectional studies have examined the correlates of psychological resilience in U.S. military veterans, few longitudinal studies have identified long-term predictors of resilience in this population. The current prospective cohort study utilized data from a nationally representative sample of 2157 U.S. military veterans who completed web-based surveys in two waves (2011 and 2013) as part of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Cluster analysis of cumulative lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events and Wave 2 measures of current symptoms of posttraumatic stress, major depressive, and generalized anxiety disorders was performed to characterize different profiles of current trauma-related psychological symptoms. Different profiles were compared with respect to sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics. A three-group cluster analysis revealed a Control group with low lifetime trauma exposure and low current psychological distress (59.5%), a Resilient group with high lifetime trauma and low current distress (27.4%), and a Distressed group with both high trauma exposure and current distress symptoms (13.1%). These results suggest that the majority of trauma-exposed veterans (67.7%) are psychologically resilient. Compared with the Distressed group, the Resilient group was younger, more likely to be Caucasian, and scored lower on measures of physical health difficulties, past psychiatric history, and substance abuse. Higher levels of emotional stability, extraversion, dispositional gratitude, purpose in life, and altruism, and lower levels of openness to experiences predicted resilient status. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to enhance modifiable factors such as gratitude, sense of purpose, and altruism may help promote resilience in highly trauma-exposed veterans. Published by Elsevier Ltd.