Do age differences between young and older adults in inhibitory tasks depend on the degree of activation of information?
Do age differences between young and older adults in inhibitory tasks depend on the degree of activation of information?
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DOI：
10.1080/09541440802613997
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
de Ribaupierre, Anik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borella, Erika;Delaloye, Christophe;de Ribaupierre, Anik
对年轻人和老年人进行了三种抑制/干扰任务（斯特鲁普颜色、斯特鲁普颜色中嵌入的负启动和海林），有两个主要目标，每个目标都嵌入到发展的角度：首先操纵不相关信息的激活水平，其次评估呈现可靠效果的个体数量，而不是仅在群体层面分析结果。对于每个任务，使用两个版本，对应于可能激活不相关信息的两个级别。分析是根据相对差异分数而不是原始响应时间进行的。结果表明，在负启动任务中，干扰效应大小的年龄差异很小，甚至为零，与不相关信息的显着性无关。引导程序表明，虽然大多数年轻人和老年人在斯特鲁普颜色和海林任务中都表现出可靠的干扰效应，但在负启动任务中却并非如此。此外，干扰/抑制指数之间的相关性非常弱，这对抑制的维度提出了质疑。总而言之，这些发现表明，所使用的高度激活的抑制任务并不会真正影响抑制控制中与年龄相关的差异。还建议更频繁地使用引导程序，而不是将分析限制在组级别。
Three inhibition/interference tasks (Stroop colour, Negative priming embedded within the Stroop colour, and Hayling) were administered to young and older adults, with two main objectives, each of which embedded within a developmental perspective: First manipulate the level of activation of the irrelevant information, and second, assess the number of individuals presenting a reliable effect rather than analyse the results only at the group level. For each task, two versions were used, corresponding to two levels at which the irrelevant information was likely to be activated. Analyses were conducted on relative difference scores rather than on raw response times. Results indicated that age differences in the magnitude of an interference effect were small and even null in the Negative priming task, independently of the salience of the irrelevant information. A bootstrap procedure showed that whereas the majority of both young and older adults presented a reliable interference effect in the Stroop colour and in the Hayling tasks, it was not the case in the Negative priming task. Moreover, correlations between the indices of interference/inhibition were very weak questioning the dimensionality of inhibition. Altogether these findings suggest that highly activated versions of the inhibitory tasks used do not really influence age-related differences in inhibitory control. It is also recommended to use bootstrap procedures more frequently instead of restricting analyses at a group level.