Out of the Antilles: Fossil phylogenies support reverse colonization of bats to South America

Out of the Antilles: Fossil phylogenies support reverse colonization of bats to South America
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走出安的列斯群岛:化石系统发育支持蝙蝠反向殖民到南美

DOI:
10.1111/jbi.13175
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Dávalos, Liliana M.
Dávalos, Liliana M.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tavares, Valéria da;Warsi, Omar M.;Balseiro, Fernando;Mancina, Carlos A.;Dávalos, Liliana M.

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现有短面蝙蝠(翼目:窄皮目)的系统发育既支持从大陆到安的列斯群岛的两次殖民事件,也支持反向殖民事件,但缺乏化石数据和生物地理统计模型。最近对夜蛾类蝙蝠的多位点系统发育和祖先范围的可能性建模支持该分支的大陆起源。我们包括所有已知的灭绝和现存的窄皮虫物种,并应用统计模型来测试相互竞争的生物地理学假设。新热带地区,包括安的列斯群岛。方法将线粒体和细胞核序列与302个新的形态学特征相结合进行系统发育推断。贝叶斯尖端测年分析将密码子模型应用于蛋白质编码基因,宽松的分子钟适合复合泊松过程。组合最大进化枝可信度树用于比较不同的生物地理模型。结果新发现的系统发育系统支持了古巴菌属(cubanycteris silvaas)化石与所有现存短面蝙蝠的亲缘关系。在artibeus(短面蝙蝠的姐妹群)中,安的列斯群岛的化石。anthonyi具有独特的特征,并嵌套在artibeus亚属中。所有短面蝙蝠的共同祖先被推断为安的列斯群岛,因为大陆起源不太可能。建立事件的物种形成是解释这些高度分化的化石谱系分布的最有可能的过程。化石物种的年代久远的、基于特征的系统发育对生物地理推断是不可或缺的:没有化石,生物地理分析发现短面蝙蝠的大陆起源。该分支的创始物种形成率是一般夜行纲估计的两倍,突出了创始事件在岛屿分类群多样化中的作用。虽然罕见,但反向定殖为大陆群落贡献了关键物种。短面蝙蝠,包括古巴蝙蝠,都有生物力学上的适应性,它们的咬力很强,可以咬到更硬的无花果。我们假设这些与栖息生态相关的适应性和特征使祖先谱系在大陆上成功建立和多样化。
AimPrevious phylogenies of extant short‐faced bats (Chiroptera: Stenodermatina) supported either two colonization events from the mainland to the Antilles, or reverse colonization, but lacked both fossil data and statistical modelling of biogeography. Recent multi‐locus phylogenies of noctilionoid bats and likelihood modelling of ancestral ranges support a continental origin for the clade. We include all known extinct and extant stenodermatina species and apply statistical modelling to test competing biogeographical hypotheses.LocationThe Neotropics, including the Antilles.MethodsWe combined mitochondrial and nuclear sequences with 302 new morphological characters to infer phylogenies. Bayesian tip‐dating analyses applied codon models to protein‐coding genes, with relaxed molecular clocks fitting a compound Poisson process. The combined maximum clade credibility tree was used in comparisons of alternative biogeographical models.ResultsThe new phylogenies support the fossilCubanycteris silvaias sister to all extant species of short‐faced bats. AmongArtibeus(the sister group to short‐faced bats), the Antillean fossilA. anthonyihas distinctive characters and is nested within the subgenusArtibeus. The common ancestor of all short‐faced bats is inferred to be Antillean, as a mainland origin is unlikely. Founder‐event speciation is the most probable process explaining the distribution of these highly divergent fossil lineages.Main conclusionsDated, character‐based phylogenies of fossil species are indispensable for biogeographical inference: without fossils, biogeographical analyses find a mainland origin for short‐faced bats. The rate of founder speciation in this clade is twice as high as the estimate from noctilionoids in general, highlighting the role of founder events in the diversification of island taxa. Although rare, reverse colonization contributes key species to continental communities. Short‐faced bats, includingCubanycteris, share biomechanical adaptations for a strong bite conferring access to harder figs. We hypothesize these adaptations and characters related to roosting ecology enabled ancestral lineages to successfully establish and diversify on the mainland.
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