Career intentions of medical students trained in six sub-Saharan African countries.
Career intentions of medical students trained in six sub-Saharan African countries.
复制标题
在六个撒哈拉以南非洲国家接受培训的医学生的职业意向。
DOI：
10.4103/1357-6283.101416
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
P. Morahan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Burch;D. Mckinley;J. Wyk;S. Kiguli;D. Cameron;Francois Cilliers;A. Longombe;C. Mkony;C. Okoromah;B. Otieno;P. Morahan
介绍
撒哈拉以南非洲是世界上受医生移徙影响最严重的地区。查明医科学生希望留在或离开非洲的原因有助于制定有利于留住这些毕业生的战略。本研究调查了在撒哈拉以南非洲医学院毕业的学生的职业意向，以确定干预措施，可以提高非洲医生在他们的培训或原籍国的保留。
方法
对南撒哈拉9所医学院的最后一年医学生进行了调查-南非4所学校的学生和刚果、肯尼亚、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达各1所学校的学生。回应率为78.5%（990 1260名学生），从984名学生谁表示他们留在医学数据库中，并获得描述性统计数据。
结果
在984名回答问题的学生中，大多数（97.4%）是非洲人。大多数（91.2%）打算进行研究生培训;前三位专业选择是外科（20%），内科（16.7%）和儿科（9%）。很少有人对家庭医学（4.5%）或公共卫生（2.6%）感兴趣，或打算在农村地区执业（4.8%）。许多学生（40%）计划出国培训。约五分之一（21%）打算迁往撒哈拉以南非洲以外的地区。南非人（48%）和来自其他五个国家的人（52%）几乎各占一半。认为有利于留在非洲的最重要的职业相关因素是职业选择以及培训机会的质量和提供。南非学生报告的几个因素明显多于其他学生。留在非洲的主要个人因素是希望改善非洲的医疗状况、个人安全、社会条件和家庭问题。与职业有关的最有利于迁往非洲以外的因素是薪酬、获得设备和先进技术、职业和培训机会、有管制的工作环境和非洲的保健政策。与南非学生相比，来自其他国家的学生报告的其中几起案件明显更多。赞成迁往非洲以外地区的首要个人因素是人身安全、有机会在不同的环境中体验、社会条件和更大的个人自由。
讨论
非洲医科学生的职业意向与非洲大陆的卫生人力需求不一致。这项研究确定了一些需要进一步关注的干预措施。
INTRODUCTION
Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) is the world region worst affected by physician migration. Identifying reasons why medical students wish to stay or leave Africa could assist in developing strategies which favour retention of these graduates. This study investigated the career intentions of graduating students attending medical schools in SSA to identify interventions which may improve retention of African physicians in their country of training or origin.
METHODS
Final year medical students attending nine medical schools in SSA were surveyed--students from four schools in South Africa and one school each in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda. The response rate was 78.5% (990 of 1260 students); data from the 984 students who indicated they were remaining in medicine were entered into a database, and descriptive statistics were obtained.
RESULTS
Most (97.4%) of the 984 responding students were African by birth. The majority (91.2%) intended to undertake postgraduate training; the top three specialty choices were surgery (20%), internal medicine (16.7%), and paediatrics (9%). Few were interested in family medicine (4.5%) or public health (2.6%) or intended to practice in rural areas (4.8%). Many students (40%) planned to train abroad. About one fifth (21%) intended to relocate outside sub-Saharan Africa. These were about equally divided between South Africans (48%) and those from the other five countries (52%). The top perceived career-related factors favouring retention in Africa were career options and quality and availability of training opportunities. Several factors were reported significantly more by South African than the other students. The top personal factors for staying in Africa were a desire to improve medicine in Africa, personal safety, social conditions and family issues. The top career-related factors favouring relocation outside Africa were remuneration, access to equipment and advanced technology, career and training opportunities, regulated work environment and politics of health care in Africa. Several of these were reported significantly more by students from the other countries as compared with South Africans. The top personal factors favouring relocation outside Africa were personal safety, opportunity for experience in a different environment, social conditions and greater personal freedom.
DISCUSSION
The career intentions of African medical students are not aligned with the continent's health workforce needs. A number of interventions that warrant further attention were identified in this study.