Effectiveness of tax and price policies in tobacco control
Effectiveness of tax and price policies in tobacco control
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2010.039982
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Leon, Maria E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaloupka, Frank J.;Straif, Kurt;Leon, Maria E.
目标 国际癌症研究机构 (IARC) 邀请 20 多位经济学、流行病学、公共政策和烟草控制领域的专家评估现有证据的强度，以了解税收和价格政策对预防和减少烟草使用的影响。烟草的税收、价格和总需求；税收、价格和成人烟草使用、年轻人使用和穷人使用；避税和逃税；以及烟草税对经济和健康的影响。随后，论文经过同行评审、修订并重新提交，以便在法国里昂 IARC 举行的为期 6 天的会议上进行最终讨论，会上使用 IARC 癌症预防手册的预先制定的标准对 18 项结论性陈述进行了共识评估。在公开科学文献中发表（或接受发表）的研究是审查和评估的主要证据来源；结果 为支持 18 项结论中的 12 项，专家们一致认为，有足够的证据表明，提高烟草消费税和价格，可以有效减少总体烟草消费、烟草使用流行率以及改善公共卫生，包括防止年轻人开始和接受烟草、促进当前使用者戒烟以及降低继续吸烟者的消费。对于其余六项结论性陈述，证据有力（四项陈述）或有限（两项陈述）。结论 IARC 手册第 14 卷中提出和评估的证据记录了税收和价格政策在控制烟草使用和改善公共卫生方面的有效性。
Objective Over 20 experts on economics, epidemiology, public policy and tobacco control were asked by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to evaluate the strength of the available evidence on the effects of tax and price policies to prevent and reduce tobacco use.Methods Draft papers presenting and assessing the evidence on the following topics were developed by the experts in an 8-month period prior to the meeting: tobacco industry pricing strategies and tax related lobbying; tax, price and aggregate demand for tobacco; tax, price and adult tobacco use, use among young people and use among the poor; tax avoidance and tax evasion; and the economic and health impact of tobacco taxation. Subsequently, papers were peer reviewed, revised and resubmitted for final discussion at a 6-day meeting at IARC in Lyon, France, where a consensus evaluation of 18 concluding statements using the pre-established criteria of the IARC Cancer Prevention Handbooks took place. Studies published (or accepted for publication) in the openly available scientific literature were the main source of evidence for the review and evaluation; other types of publications were included when appropriate.Results In support of 12 of the 18 conclusions, the experts agreed that there was sufficient evidence of effectiveness of increased tobacco excise taxes and prices in reducing overall tobacco consumption and prevalence of tobacco use and improvement of public health, including by preventing initiation and uptake among young people, promoting cessation among current users and lowering consumption among those who continue to use. For the remaining six concluding statements the evidence was strong (four statements) or limited (two statements).Conclusions The evidence presented and assessed in IARC Handbook volume 14 documents the effectiveness of tax and price policies in the control of tobacco use and improvement of public health.