Yves Delage (1854-1920) as a forerunner of modern nuclear transfer experiments
Yves Delage (1854-1920) as a forerunner of modern nuclear transfer experiments
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DOI：
10.1387/ijdb.041827jb
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Fischer, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beetschen, JC;Fischer, JL
一般认为，通过核移植克隆动物起源于汉斯·斯皮曼（Hans Spemann, 1936）的建议，他在蝾螈卵中进行了延迟成核的实验，在此之前，他曾用海胆卵进行了类似的尝试（Loeb, 1894）。Briggs和King（1952）首次成功地将囊胚和原胚核移植到去核的青蛙卵中，并通过这种技术获得了大量正常蝌蚪。我们提供的证据表明，早在1895年，法国生物学家Yves Delage（1854-1920）就明确地制定了同样的核移植实验项目，作为测试Weismann在胚胎发育过程中细胞分化理论的一种手段。这也是Spemann的动机。Delage和Spemann都知道Loeb的实验（1894），在实验中发现海胆卵的成核延迟导致双胞胎幼虫。很难确定Delage的项目是否受到Loeb发现的影响。另一方面，Spemann似乎并不知道Delage的提议，因为他在1936年之前并没有表达自己对延长核转移的想法。最后，Delage和Spemann都没有想到核移植可以成为获得基因相同的动物群体（生殖克隆）的一种手段。
It is generally considered that animal cloning by nuclear transfer originated in proposals made by Hans Spemann (1936), following his experiments on delayed nucleation in the newt egg, which were preceded by similar attempts using the sea-urchin egg (Loeb, 1894). Briggs and King (1952) were the first to succeed in transplanting blastula and gastrula nuclei into the enucleated frog egg and in obtaining a significant number of normal tadpoles by means of this technique. We present evidence that much earlier (1895) Yves Delage (1854-1920), a French biologist, had clearly formulated the same experimental project of nuclear transfer, as a means to test Weismann's theory of cell differentiation during embryonic development. This was also Spemann's motivation. Both Delage and Spemann were aware of Loeb's experiments (1894), in which delayed nucleation in the sea-urchin egg was found to result in twin larvae. It is difficult to decide whether Delage's project was influenced by Loeb's findings. On the other hand, it seems that Spemann was not aware of Delage's proposal, since he did not express his own ideas on extended nuclear transfer before 1936. Finally, neither Delage nor Spemann imagined that nuclear transfer could be a means of obtaining groups of genetically identical animals (reproductive cloning).