Integrating Electric Vehicles into the German Electricity Grid - an Interdisciplinary Analysis
Integrating Electric Vehicles into the German Electricity Grid - an Interdisciplinary Analysis
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将电动汽车纳入德国电网 - 跨学科分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Fichtner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Jochem;T. Kaschub;Alexandra;W. Fichtner
本研究从技术、经济和用户角度分析了电动汽车 (EV) 与德国电网的整合，包括不同的需求侧管理 (DSM) 方法。为此，我们对未来德国电力市场进行了概述，重点是电动汽车集成。结果表明，对于保守的电动汽车普及率来说，对发电量的影响很小，而区域和地方电网的短缺可能已经很严重。 DSM 与智能电网相结合，可以通过控制电动汽车充电来帮助解决这个问题。一个简单的概念是通过向车辆用户提供激励来推迟充电过程。 g。具有动态电价。通用分时电价（TOU）根据未来几天的负荷预测预先定义了动态的电价方案。这可以释放当地电网并增加可再生能源的份额：在可再生能源发电量高且电力需求低的时期，价格较低，反之亦然。通过优化能源模型对示例性城市高压电网进行的技术经济分析显示了这些动态关税对电动汽车充电过程的影响。然而，由于单个用户的接受度和利润较低，这些强烈的影响有所减弱。至少对于德国现场试验中的用户来说，环境因素在影响充电行为方面发挥了重要作用——这给未来带来了希望。
This study analyses the integration of electric vehicles (EV) into the German power grid including different demand side management (DSM) approaches from a technical, economical and user perspective. For this an overview of the future German electricity market with the focus on EV integration is given. It is shown that for conservative EV penetration rates the effect on the electricity generation is marginal while the shortage in the regional and local electricity grid could be already significant. DSM in combination with smart grids can help to tackle this issue by controlled charging of EVs. One simple concept is to postpone the charging process by offering incentives to vehicle users e. g. with dynamic electricity tariffs. The common Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff defines in advance a dynamic tariff scheme according to the load forecast for the following days. This allows to release the local electricity grid and to increase the share of renewable energies: In times of high electricity generation by renewable energies and low electricity demand the price is low and vice versa. The impact of these dynamic tariffs on the charging process of EVs is shown in a techno-economic analysis for an exemplary urban high voltage grid by an optimising energy model. These strong impacts are however somewhat reduced by the acceptance and the low profits for the single user. At least for the users in a German field trial, environmental aspects played a major role in influencing the charging behaviour – this gives still hope for the future.