Symbols, Rituals and Power: The Lost Dimensions of Crisis Management
Symbols, Rituals and Power: The Lost Dimensions of Crisis Management
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符号、仪式和权力：危机管理的失落维度
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发表时间：
1993
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通讯作者：
P. Hart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Hart
在政府的言辞中，有一种系统性的紧缩，这种紧缩要求人们注意商品和服务的不平等分配，而有一种系统性的膨胀，这种膨胀的威胁形式使权威合法化并扩大权威。后者被定义为危机，前者被定义为问题。随着危机的反复出现和问题的持续存在，政府的应对策略也是如此。（Edelman，1977：49）
本文提出了一个更权力批判的方法来分析危机管理，并在这方面，探讨了政治和组织象征研究的可能贡献。从象征性行动的角度来看，危机给决策者和其他危机行为者带来了机会空间。为了利用这些优势，决策精英必须影响对形势的集体定义，以突出首选的行动方针，并有选择地掩盖其他解释。三种类型的象征性的“危机处理设备”（框架，仪式化和掩蔽）的介绍和说明。最后，需要一个更广泛的角度对危机管理的政治性质的强调。
There is a systematic deflation in governmental rhetoric of the developments that call attention to the unequal distribution of goods and services and a systematic inflation of the forms of threat that legitimize and expand authority. The latter are defined as crises, the former as problems. As crises recur and problems persist, so does a governmental dramaturgy of coping. (Edelman, 1977: 49)
This article proposes a more power-critical approach to the analysis of crisis management and, in this respect, explores the possible contribution of research on political and organizational symbolism. Viewed in terms of symbolic action, attention is drawn to the opportunity spaces that crises entail for policy makers and other crisis actors. To exploit these, it is important for decision elites to influence collective definitions of the situation in such a way as to highlight preferred courses of action and to selectively obscure alternative interpretations. Three types of symbolic ‘crisis handling devices’ (framing, ritualization and masking) are presented and illustrated. In conclusion, the need for a broader perspective on the nature of the politics of crisis management is emphasised.