Drug Trafficking and Ethnic Minorities in Western Europe
Drug Trafficking and Ethnic Minorities in Western Europe
复制标题
西欧的毒品贩运和少数民族
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Reuter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Paoli;P. Reuter
欧洲各地的大众媒体和执法机构经常认定少数族裔成员，尤其是新移民，对销售欧洲消费的大部分非法毒品负有责任。对现有的、适度的研究文献的审查，以及对官方数据的仔细阅读，确实表明毒品市场的某些部门由少数特定移民群体主导。土耳其和阿尔巴尼亚族裔群体在很大程度上控制着海洛因的进口、高层贩运和露天零售；哥伦比亚集团主导了可卡因的进口。然而，毒品市场还有其他主要部门，特别是大麻和合成毒品，其中土著人口似乎更为重要。我们对这种配置的解释是，由于与来源国和转运国的联系更紧密，以及警察在消费国的移民社区内获得合作的能力较弱，从而赋予了特定移民群体优势。
Popular media as well as law enforcement agencies throughout Europe routinely identify members of ethnic minorities, and recent migrants in particular, as responsible for selling a large proportion of the illegal drugs that are consumed in Europe. Examination of the existing and modest research literature, as well as a careful reading of the official data, does indeed indicate that certain sectors of the drug market are dominated by a small number of specific immigrant groups. Turkish and Albanian ethnic groups largely control the importation, high-level trafficking and open-air retailing of heroin; Colombian groups dominate the importation of cocaine. However, there are other major sectors of the drug market, notably those for cannabis and synthetic drugs, in which native populations seem to be more important. We offer an explanation for this configuration in terms of the advantages conferred on specific immigrant groups by tighter connections to source and transhipment countries as well as by the lesser ability of police to gain cooperation within those immigrants' communities in the consuming countries.