COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment shortage: protective efficacy comparing masks and scientific methods for respirator reuse
COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment shortage: protective efficacy comparing masks and scientific methods for respirator reuse
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gie.2020.04.048
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Costamagna, Guido
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boskoski, Ivo;Gallo, Camilla;Costamagna, Guido
背景和目标：2019年新型冠状病毒疾病的突然爆发及其在全球许多医疗系统的快速传播导致了个人防护设备（PPE）的短缺，这无法通过减少使用或增加生产来解决。方法：在PubMed、Scopus、科克伦数据库和Google Scholar上进行文献检索，从25篇引用最多的文章中选择15篇进行相关性和影响。结果：迄今为止，大多数关于以往呼吸道病毒流行的研究表明，就医护人员的防护效果而言，外科口罩并不逊色于N95口罩。因此，N95制冷剂的使用应仅限于高风险情况。关于呼吸器的重复使用，高能量，短波，紫外线杀菌照射（UVGI）在254 nm被确定为净化N95呼吸机从病毒性呼吸道病原体，但UVGI需要仔细考虑的类型的呼吸器和生物target.Conclusions：合理使用和成功重复使用的呼吸机可以帮助在大流行期间的PPE短缺。测试UVGI和其他去污技术的进一步研究是一个未满足的需求。大流行问题的最终答案可以在人工智能和深度学习中找到。这些开创性的模式可以帮助识别高风险患者，并建议适当的PPE类型和使用。
Background and Aims: The abrupt outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 and its rapid spread over many healthcare systems throughout the world has led to a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE), which cannot be solved by reducing their use or by increasing production. It is thus necessary to promote PPE rational use, highlighting possible differences in terms of efficacy and promoting an effective technique to reuse them.Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, and from the 25 top cited articles, 15 were selected for relevance and impact.Results: Most studies on previous respiratory virus epidemics to date suggest surgical masks are not inferior compared with N95 respirators in terms of protective efficacy among healthcare workers. Therefore, the use of N95 respirators should be limited to high-risk situations. Concerning respirator reuse, highly energetic, shortwave, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) at 254 nm was determined to decontaminate N95 respirators from viral respiratory agents, but UVGI requires careful consideration of the type of respirator and of the biologic target.Conclusions: Rational use and successful reuse of respirators can help in the shortage of PPE during a pandemic. Further studies testing UVGI and other decontamination techniques are an unmet need. The definitive answer to pandemic issues can be found in artificial intelligence and deep learning. These groundbreaking modalities could help in identifying high-risk patients and in suggesting appropriate types and use of PPE.