Loss of Control of Alcohol Use and Severity of Alcohol Dependence in Non-Treatment-Seeking Heavy Drinkers Are Related to Lower Glutamate in Frontal White Matter
Loss of Control of Alcohol Use and Severity of Alcohol Dependence in Non-Treatment-Seeking Heavy Drinkers Are Related to Lower Glutamate in Frontal White Matter
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.12149
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Vollstaedt-Klein, Sabine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ende, Gabriele;Hermann, Derik;Vollstaedt-Klein, Sabine
酒精使用障碍（AUD）的发展和维持被认为与谷氨酸（GLU）体内平衡失衡有关。白质（WM）损失，特别是在大脑前部区域，已被报道在酒精依赖中，这可能涉及髓鞘和轴突完整性的紊乱。额叶功能障碍在成瘾中起着重要作用，因为它被认为与对物质使用的控制丧失有关。本研究探讨了磁共振波谱（MRS）检测的非寻求治疗的重度饮酒者额部脑皮层谷氨酸水平及其与AUD症状的关系。方法在3T时从重度饮酒者和轻度饮酒者的额部脑磁质体素获得Glu评估优化的单体素MR谱（TE 80ms）。结果证实了先前的研究结果，即重度饮酒者总胆碱升高。观察到Glu水平与酒精依赖的严重程度呈负相关，特别是随着时间和酒精摄入量的增加而失去控制。结论与含胆碱化合物的非特异性升高相反，额叶WM中的低Glu可能是从非依赖性大量饮酒向依赖性转变的特异性因素，而不是单纯反映饮酒量的影响。
BackgroundThe development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders (AUD) have been hypothesized to be associated with an imbalance of glutamate (GLU) homeostasis. White matter (WM) loss, especially in anterior brain regions, has been reported in alcohol dependence, which may involve disturbances in both myelin and axonal integrity. Frontal lobe dysfunction plays an important role in addiction, because it is suggested to be associated with the loss of control over substance use. This study investigated magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-detectable Glu levels in frontal WM of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers and its associations with AUD symptoms.MethodsSingle-voxel MR spectra optimized for Glu assessment (TE 80ms) were acquired at 3T from a frontal WM voxel in a group of heavy drinking, non-treatment-seeking subjects in comparison with a group of subjects with only light alcohol consumption.ResultsThe results corroborate previous findings of increased total choline in heavy drinking subjects. A negative association of Glu levels with severity of alcohol dependence and especially loss of control over time and amount of alcohol intake was observed.ConclusionsIn contrast to the rather unspecific rise in choline-containing compounds, low Glu in frontal WM may be specific for the shift from nondependent heavy drinking to dependence and does not reflect a simple effect of the amount of alcohol consumption alone.