Regional trend and tissue distribution of brominated flame retardants and persistent organochlorines in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Japan
Regional trend and tissue distribution of brominated flame retardants and persistent organochlorines in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Japan
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DOI：
10.1021/es071565z
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Tanabe, Shinsuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kunisue, Tatsuya;Takayanagi, Nozomi;Tanabe, Shinsuke
本研究调查了2001-2006年在日本两个大都市和一个地方县收集的貉（RD: Nyctereutes procyonoides）肝脏和脂肪组织中的溴化阻燃剂（如多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（hbcd））和持久性有机氯（OCs）的浓度和模式。在RD肝脏中发现了相对高浓度的多溴二苯醚，而HBCD水平是测量的有机卤素化合物中最低的。在多溴二苯醚同系物中，BDE 209在所有地区的rd中都占主导地位，这表明来自技术十溴二苯醚产品的污染在日本广泛存在。另一方面，一个大都市的四溴二苯醚和非二溴二苯醚同系物浓度显著高于其他两个地区，这表明过去四溴二苯醚和八溴二苯醚技术产品的使用存在区域差异。HBCD水平也存在这种区域差异。在研究的8个RDs中，肝脏与脂肪组织的脂质标准化浓度比（L/A ratio）均低于1.0，提示脂质依赖性积累。然而，BDE 209的L/A比在所有标本中均超过1.0，表明该化合物存在肝潴留。此外，还观察到α - hbcd的脂质依赖性积累，但在一些标本中γ - hbcd的L/A比大于1.0。这些结果表明，日本rd最近暴露于BDE 209和γ - hbcd，并优先在富含血液的器官中积累这两种化合物，可能是由于它们与蛋白质结合和/或快速生物转化，正如在实验啮齿动物中报道的那样。
The present study investigated concentrations and patterns of brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and persistent organochlorines (OCs) in liver and adipose tissues of raccoon dogs (RD: Nyctereutes procyonoides) collected from two metropolises and a local prefecture in Japan during 2001-2006. Relatively high concentrations of PBDEs were found in RD livers, while HBCD levels were the lowest among the measured organohalogen compounds. Among PBDE congeners, BDE 209 was predominant in RDs from all the regions, indicating that pollution derived from the technical decaBDE product is extensive across Japan. On the other hand, concentrations of tetra- to nona-BDE congeners in RDs from a metropolis were significantly higher than those from the other two regions, implying that there were regional differences in the past usage of the technical tetraBDE and octaBDE products. Such a regional difference was also observed for HBCD levels. Lipid-normalized concentration ratios of liver to adipose tissue L/A ratio) for tri to hepta-BDE congeners were lower than 1.0 in the investigated eight RDs, suggesting lipid-dependent accumulation. However, the L/A ratios of BDE 209 exceeded 1.0 in all the specimens, suggesting hepatic retention of this compound. In addition, lipid-dependent accumulation of alpha-HBCD was observed, but the L/A ratios of gamma-HBCD were greater than 1.0 in some specimens. These results indicate that Japanese RDs have been recently exposed to BDE 209 and gamma-HBCD and accumulated both these compounds preferentially in blood-rich organs, probably due to their binding to proteins and/or rapid biotransformation, as reported in experimental rodents.