Scale‐dependent habitat use in a long‐ranging central place predator
Scale‐dependent habitat use in a long‐ranging central place predator
复制标题
远距离中心捕食者的规模依赖性栖息地利用
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00984.x
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
H. Weimerskirch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Pinaud;H. Weimerskirch
摘要1.据预测，觅食动物的运动被调整为环境中资源的分层空间分布，并且响应于异质资源分布而修改运动的决定是规模相关的。因此，控制与环境相互作用的空间尺度对于更好地理解生境选择至关重要，生境选择很可能遵循尺度依赖的过程。2.在这里，我们研究了一种以黄鼻子信天翁为中心觅食的远程海洋捕食者的相互作用和栖息地选择的规模。我们使用首次通过时间分析来确定与环境变量相互作用的尺度，并使用成分分析来研究栖息地选择。3.在26只鸟中，22只采用了130±85公里的区域限制搜索(ARS)，这22只鸟中有11只采用了34±20公里的第二次嵌套ARS。栖息地的利用因所考虑的空间尺度而异。在海洋盆地的宏观尺度上，鸟类在远洋、亚热带水域觅食。鸟类经过约1500公里的旅程后，通勤到ARS地区，从阿古拉斯回流到达可预测的湍流区，那里的初级生产力得到了大规模的提高。在较小的中尺度上，鸟类根据海面高度异常(SSHa)和叶绿素a浓度(Chl-a)增加了它们的搜索努力，这表明与生产性气旋涡旋有关。4.不同鸟类的搜寻方式不同：11只鸟类直接集中在77±22公里的小范围内搜寻，避开反气旋涡旋。其他11种鸟类表现出两种尺度的ARS格局：(I)在180±90公里处，偏爱高Chl-a浓度，但与SSHa无关；(Ii)在34±20公里的筑巢尺度上，仅与SSHa相关，预计猎物斑块将在该尺度上分布。第二组鸟似乎效率较低，与第一组鸟相比，在海上停留的时间更长，质量收益相同。5.我们的研究首次证明了具有中心位置约束的捕食者的尺度依赖的调节，具有个体间的变异性，与环境特征的关系。
Summary 1. It is predicted that the movements of foraging animals are adjusted to the hierarchical spatial distribution of resources in the environment, and that decisions to modify movement in response to heterogeneous resource distribution are scale-dependent. Thus, controlling for spatial scales of interaction with environment is critical for a better understanding of habitat selection, which is likely to follow scale-dependent processes. 2. Here we study the scales of interactions and habitat selection in a long-ranging marine predator foraging from a central place, the yellow-nosed albatross. We use firstpassage time analysis to identify the scales of interaction with environmental variables and compositional analysis to study habitat selection. 3. Of 26 birds, 22 adopted an area restricted search (ARS) at a scale of 130 ± 85 km, and 11 of these 22 birds adopted a second, nested ARS scale at 34 ± 20 km. Habitat use differed according to the spatial scale considered. At the oceanic basin macro-scale, birds foraged in pelagic, subtropical waters. Birds commuted to the ARS zones after a c. 1500-km trip to reach predictable turbulence zones from Agulhas return current, where primary productivity was enhanced at large scale. At a smaller, meso-scale, birds increased their search effort according to sea surface height anomalies (SSHa) and chlorophyll- a concentrations (Chl- a ), indicating association with productive cyclonic eddies. 4. Among birds, differences in search pattern were noted: 11 birds concentrated their search effort directly at a small scale of 77 ± 22 km, avoiding anticyclonic eddies. The 11 other birds showed two scales of ARS pattern: (i) first at 180 ± 90 km with a preference for high Chl- a concentrations but unrelated to SSHa; and (ii) secondly at a nested scale at 34 ± 20 km related exclusively to SSHa where prey patches were expected to be distributed at this scale. This second group of birds appeared to be less efficient, spending more time at sea for the same mass gain than the first group. 5. Our study is the first to demonstrate scale-dependent adjustments, with interindividual variability, in relation to environmental features for predators with a central-place constraint.